Leadership in Thoughts from the Tao-te-Ching and The Qualities of a Pri

Leadership in Thoughts from the Tao-te-Ching and The Qualities of a Prince Lao-Tzus Thoughts from the Tao-te Ching and Machiavellis The Qualities of a Prince both have the ultimate goal of making better leaders. The tactics that to each one writer chooses to present as a guide for the leader are almost opposite of each other. Todays American government would pull in from a combination of the two extreme ideas. Lao-Tzus laissez-faire attitude towards the economy, as well as his small scale, home defense military is good-hearted to a liberal person. Machiavellis attitude towards miserliness and lower taxes, while being always prepared for war, would appeal to a conservative person. The writers are in agreement on some issues, such as taxes, but other ideas, such as government involvement in the everyday lives of citizens are totally opposed to one another. Lao-Tzu believes in moderation and small government. He states that a leader should stay within his country and govern his large number only. He stresses that when the maser governs, the plurality should hardly be aware that he exists. A leader who is loved is better than one who is feared. The worst is one who is despised (22). Lao-Tzu also believes that war is not necessary when all follow the Tao. He states that violence, even well intentioned, always rebounds upon itself therefore, if you have a neutral position, you will not be harmed (24). He believes that people are inherently good and not greedy. Mans greed...

Agent Orange :: essays research papers

Throughout wars, armies are constantly introducing new technologies to stay ahead of their enemies. In the Vietnam War, the Americans employ Agent orange tree, so their enemies would be more visible.Agent Orange was a herbicide for warm, tropical climates and the Americans and Canadians started testing this chemical in the 1940s, however, it was never tested on humans until closely the end of the Vietnam War when it was finally discontinued in 1971. Agent Orange was a 50-50 mix of two chemicals know as 2,4,D and 2,4,5,T. Then the final emergence was combined with kerosene and diesel fuel, creating TCDD or dioxins, which contained powerful carcinogenic chemicals. It was sprayed with helicopters, airplanes, vehicles and by hand on the Vietnam landscape.After the America troops started developing disease care syndromes, some faster then others, people began to question the impact of Agent Orange on the human population. Laboratories started to test Agent Orange on animals. This gu ide to finding that the animals had contracted a wide variety of diseases, and many of them were life threatening. A researcher with the New Jersey Agent Orange Commission in Trenton reported finding an average 10-fold excess of TCDDroughly 45 ppt in fat among 9-10 veterans who had been Agent Orange sprayers in Vietnam roughly 20 days ago.1 Some of these diseases included as Diabetes Mellitus (Type II), birth defects, Chloracne, Hodgkins disease, Multiple Myeloma, Non-Hodgkins Lymphoma, Acute and Sub-acute Peripheral Neuropathy, Porphyria Cutanea Tarda, Prostate Cancer, Respiratory Cancers and Soft-Tissue Sarcoma and with possibly several other hard diseases. The near end of the war, they finally realized that Agent Orange was highly contaminated with amounts of TCDD. The Stellman data show that veterans exposed to herbicides faced an increased risk of high-flown blood pressure, benign fatty tumors, a wifes miscarriage, visual and skin sensitivity to light and symptoms of depres sion, as compared, with veterans who were not exposed.2Agent Orange was predominately used in Saigon, Bien Hoa and Cu Chi, these cities and towns received an estimated 19 million gallons. The Environmental Protection Agency has called it one of the most perplexing and potentially dangerous chemicals ever to defile the environment.

Attending High School Essay -- Education Papers, high school experienc

High SchoolDo you remember your high school days? High schoolfor me has proved to be a learning experience and also a challenge. There are many lessons that can be learned. You can learn more about yourself, who your friends are, what kind of uphold is offered to you, and what your strengths and your weaknesses are. Attending High School helped build my confidence because my classmates were supportive, my teachers taught me how to study for tests, and the math tutors helped me overcome my fear of math.My classmates were supportive in many ways. I used to witness study groups for the subjects that I was struggling in. In these meetings with each other,we would study our notes and review the chapters that we would be tested on. My classmates would also tutor one another in subjects that they were good in and others were weak in. My classmates would even talk and try to comfort me when I was having personal problems and help me get my priorities straight that took place outside of sc hool. So without my clas...

Colonization :: American America History

ColonizationDuring the early years of colonization and exploration in North America and Africa, many New World collided and brought to each other many new things, both good and bad. There were exchanges of ideas, products and crops that greatly advanced the cultures of all told involved, but on the other hand, new diseases, and harsh treatment of one another were also present. Before the arrival of the Europeans to present day United States, the indigenous Americans treated their homeland with respect and with spiritual properties. Occasionally they burned sections of land in the wilderness for better catch area, but other than that they provided no affright to its well being. This all changed when the European settlers arrived. The Europeans believed that humans had domination over the land. By building huge colonies, extensive road systems and for other technological advances, the colonizers greatly changed the brass instrument of our nation. Another impact on both the Native Americans and the Europeans was the sharing of native crops to each other. The Europeans brought back from the New World, tobacco, maize, beans, tomatoes, and potatoes, which provided food for the now greatly populated Europe. separate crops that were brought to Europe included blueberry, cranberry, papaya, wild rice, and pumpkin. In exchange for these great new crops the Europeans brought massive amounts of pigs, cattle, and horses. The horse highly effected the lives of the Native Americans by improving their hunting abilities. Another crop that did exceptionally well in the tropical climate of the Caribbean was the sugar cane brought over by Columbus. Not all things exchanged were beneficial, however. Europeans unwittingly brought with them many diseases that eventually plagues the Native Americans. Small pox, yellow fever, and malaria were some of the devastating diseases carried into the New World. Native Americans did also transfer the sexually transmitted disease of syph to the Europeans who had never experienced this before. Also, the ill treatment of the Native Americans by the land hungry Europeans virtually wiped out their civilization. Although at times they waged wars that would temporarily halt the European colonization, for the most part their voice in North America was forever muzzled. During the European exploration of Africa, similar events occurred. Europeans brought the crops of maize, manioc, and sweet potatoes, which they had received, from the Native Americans, to Africa. These crops fed the great profit of population that was occurring in Africa at the time.

Biometrics :: essays research papers

biostatisticsBiometrics is a branch of biology that studies biological phenomena and observations by means of statistical analysis (Dictionary.com WordNet 2.0, 2003 Princeton University). In other words Biometrics is the study of the human body natural identification, now a days corporations use biometrics instead of a simple code. Also police and other federal and worldwide associations use biometrics to stop twists and to keep dawn of where criminals are and who they really are. Biometrics has been around for hundreds upon hundreds of years, from when the Chinese archetypical used it to identify children with footprints, to the more advanced salinity recognition that has been developed for today. The use of Biometrics and the technologies that have come from it has made security much more advanced, but its getting to the point that maybe even the technology of Biometrics is irrupt our privacy.One of the first known cases of humans using biometrics to identify one another w as by early Chinese merchants. Joao Barros, wrote that the Chinese merchants used the first noted form of biometrics by stamping childrens palm and footprints on paper with ink. By doing this, the Chinese solved a way to tell apart young children from one another. This is one of the earlier of not the first noted case of the use of Biometrics it is still used today when children are born.though biometrics has been used throughout the world it never became a popular practice until a man named Alphonse Bertillion decided to fix the problem of identifying convicted criminals. The problem with identifying criminals that were captured over again was that the criminals often gave different aliases each time they were arrested. This would keep them from receiving the larger sentence for being a repeat offender. He realized that even if a criminal changed his name, cut his hair or put on weight, certain elements of the body wouldnt change. This led him to form a method of measuring the mo re discernible parts of a persons body, the parts of the body that never changed during their life such as the size of the skull or the length of their fingers. This system was called anthropometrical signalment and was very basic in its accomplishment. Whenever a person was arrested they were sent through a series of tests that enter the length and distinguishable marks of their bodies. This was all recorded on a card and filed away in groups with similar test results.

Biometrics :: essays research papers

BiometricsBiometrics is a branch of biology that studies biological phenomena and observations by means of statistical analysis (Dictionary.com WordNet 2.0, 2003 Princeton University). In other run-in Biometrics is the study of the human proboscis natural identification, now a days corporations use biometrics instead of a simple code. Also police and other federal and worldwide associations use biometrics to stop criminals and to keep track of where criminals are and who they really are. Biometrics has been around for hundreds upon hundreds of years, from when the Chinese first employ it to describe children with footprints, to the more advanced salinity recognition that has been developed for today. The use of Biometrics and the technologies that have come from it has made security much more advanced, entirely its getting to the point that maybe even the technology of Biometrics is intruding our privacy.One of the first known cases of humans using biometrics to identify one another was by early Chinese merchants. Joao Barros, wrote that the Chinese merchants used the first historied form of biometrics by stamping childrens palm and footprints on paper with ink. By doing this, the Chinese solved a way to tell apart young children from one another. This is one of the earlier of not the first noted case of the use of Biometrics it is still used today when children are born.Though biometrics has been used by dint ofout the world it never became a favorite practice until a man named Alphonse Bertillion decided to fix the problem of identifying convicted criminals. The problem with identifying criminals that were captured again was that the criminals often gave different aliases each time they were arrested. This would keep them from receiving the larger disapprobation for being a repeat offender. He realized that even if a criminal changed his name, cut his hair or put on weight, certain elements of the body wouldnt change. This led him to form a method of measuring the more noticeable parts of a persons body, the parts of the body that never changed during their life such as the size of the skull or the length of their fingers. This system was called anthropometrical signalment and was very basic in its accomplishment. Whenever a person was arrested they were sent through a series of runnings that recorded the length and distinguishable marks of their bodies. This was all recorded on a card and filed away in groups with similar test results.

Motif Affairs: The Great Gatsby

by means ofout the novel The Great Gatsby, Fitzgerald uses the motif of affairs to show development in Daisy Buchanans character. As a indorser slowly pieces together what is the love puzzle of this novel, it becomes clear to them Daisys true self. Starting off the novel Fitzgerald uses Toms affairs with Daisy(his wife) and Myrtle(his mistress) to show how Tom treats Daisy. He is very discriminatory towards not only Daisy but also myrtle. Daisy loved me when she conjoin me and she loves me now,(131) this is said by Tom, giving the reader an example of just how controlling he is of his wife.It is discernible to the reader, through the lens of feminism, that Tom objectifies women, treating them like objects rather than people, Daisy especially, making him feel it is acceptable to have more than one woman. This gives the reader a sense of beneficence for Daisy, because of the way her husband treats her. It upsets the reader that although Daisy is aware of her husbands affair with Myrtle, she accepts it and feels she deserves it because she is a woman and thats simply what women get.As the novel goes on, it is made clear to the reader Daisys obsession with money. Her voice is teeming of money That was it. Id never understood before. It was full of money that was the inexhaustible charm that rose and fell in it, the jingle of it, the cymbals song of it game in a white palace the kings daughter, the golden girl (120) We learn of an affair in Daisys past that she had with Gatsby, and that the only reason she married Tom rather than Gatsby was because of Toms wealth.When this is brought up it refuels old feelings between the two of them, leading to an affair between Daisy and Gatsby. Readers go from feeling bad for Daisy to almost having sympathy for Tom. by and by accusing Tom of objectifying Daisy and not being loyal to her, it is made clear that daisy is not loyal to Tom. She is not in love with him, but rather his money. Through these recurring affairs an d the lens of feminism Daisys true character is exposed to the reader.

Manipulations of Memory Used by Orwell and Williams

The steady development of full-grown Brformer(a) as the all- reign overling entity in George Orwells 1984 is the premise for the role truth plays throughout the novel. Truth is functi unmatchedd against society for the benefit of the government. Similarly, Tennessee Williams creates a uniquely different environment for his characters in The Glass Menagerie magic spell maintaining the same function of truth as a source of distortion and control. Collectively, the themes of dehumanization in 1984 and distortion of entrepot in The Glass Menagerie plug into to one a nonher regarding the function of truth in each fix to substantiate a sense of authority and deception.Oppression in 1984 as a direct instrument of dehumanization is made quite evident within the text. The inner- party uses several brainwashing and torture tactics to rid society of past memories and experiences. The set up these tactics have upon truth are substantial in their regard. The intent of Big familiar is to re duce human beings understanding to a more basic, substantially manipulated and empty slate where the ag annulas of the inner-party nooky be executed with ease.We see the extent to which understanding of the past affects ones attitude about the present when Winston postulates, And when memory failed and written records were falsifiedwhen that happened, the claim of the Party to have improved the conditions of human liveliness had got to be accepted, because there did not exist, and never again could exist, any standard against which it could be tested (Orwell 93). This quote is said following Winstons frustrating conversation with the old man about life prior to the Revolution.Winston is coming to terms that the party has deliberately set out to weaken peoples memories in order to render them unable to challenge what the Party claims about the present. If no one remembers life before the Revolution, then no one can say that the Party has failed humanity by forcing people to run low in conditions of scarcity, filth, ignorance, and famine. Rather, the party uses rewritten accounting books and falsified records to prove its good deeds. This proves the guess that truth is dependent of memory and without memory truth is subject to manipulation and in this case dehumanization.Orwell not only suggests this theory through the events observed in Winston that also through Winstons own surrender to Big Brother and its definition of truth at the end of the novel. After the inner-partys relentless attempt to purge Winston of any prohibited thoughts, they fulfil their goal of dehumanizing him. The narrator brings closure to the novel as he describes Winstons new character. He gazed up at the enormous face. Forty years it had taken him to learn what kind of smile was hidden beneath the dark moustache. O cruel, needless misunderstandingO stubborn, self-willed exile from the loving breast Two gin-scented tears trickled down the sides of his nose. But it was all right, everything was all right, the struggle was finished. He had won the victory over himself. He loved Big Brother, said the narrator (Orwell 297). Winstons curiosity towards Big Brother was prevailing during the earliest parts of the novel. This curiosity soon transforms into animosity urging him to join a rebel group to overthrow Big Brother. Despite these negative feelings, the causality of dehumanization works against what years of curiosity have said to Winston to be true.His memory of Big Brother as being counterproductive to society is no longer existent because his present situation says that Big Brother should be loved unconditionally. The occurrence that Winstons conversion was successful should focus the reader on truth and memory and how they are comparable. The dehumanization of memory stands as a principle theme in 1984 and it is through this theme that Orwell functions truth to reveal the appetency of deception. Tennessee Williams takes a corresponding approach to tru th and its function in his play, The Glass Menagerie.The characters, Amanda, Tom, and Laura all face the similar dilemma of a falsified perception of reality. The mother, Amanda, is the most fulgent character in denial. Her situation as a single mother raising two children has subliminally deceived what she sees as factual. In a conversation with Laura Amanda is quoted Why youre not crippled, you just have a little defect hardly noticeable, even When people have some slight disadvantage like that, they cultivate other things to make up for it develop charm and vivacity and charm (Orwell 18)Seemingly everyone is quite aware that Laura is crippled however, Amanda will not come to terms with this occurrence. She deals with this unfortunate fact by lying to herself that her daughter is not crippled thus proving there to be little veracity to any memories she has. Throughout the play Amanda is full of deceptions. Amanda changes her expressive style of speech to a southern accent w hen Lauras gentleman caller arrives. Amanda states light food an light clothes are what warm weather calls fo (Orwell 63). The reader is told that Amanda was born in the south. In spite of that, this is the first time she speaks with a southern accent.Amanda explains her newly discovered accent as her rejuvenated personality but the reader can assume this is her attempt to mislead the people around her to believe she is something that she is not further revealing her deceitful memory. Consequently, Tom and Laura are confine by this illusion Amanda creates. Laura is highly dependent upon her mother therefore she is influenced by Amandas views. Tom carries the burden of providing for his family and cannot leave from this world of lies and untruths. Amandas present state has distorted her memory and essentially distorted her sense of self and reality.Her ability to do this has given her control of what she can feel and therefore how she can live her life despite not being able to esca pe from the poverty stricken life. Despite having contrasting influences behind their respected themes, 1984 and The Glass Menagerie apportion a common purpose to gain control over reality through the manipulation of truth. In 1984 Winston observed and experienced the tactics that Big Brother used to give the public a misleading view of truth. Through dehumanization, Big Brother achieved full authority over its citizens by erasing all memories of life before the revolution.With no memories to go by society was at the mercy of Big Brother and what the inner-party considered acceptable. People could not judge right from wrong because Big Brother was all they ever knew. The Glass Menagerie is comparable is the sense that Amanda needed to gain control over her life which seemed to be spinning into the ground. She was bewildered and this feeling led her to shape her own reality in order to regain this sense of control. People are typically fearful of things they cannot conquer. Amanda could not achieve freedom from her environment therefore she created her own path through a deceptive memory.Her children were trapped in this life of lies just as Winston was in 1984. In both works we see a desire of power to control their respected situations. 1984 sought for the control of society whereas The Glass Menagerie sought for the control of the Wingfield future. The power of memory is existential to the human ability of perceiving the present. George Orwells 1984 and Tennessee Williams The Glass Menagerie manipulate memory in such a similar personal manner that their functions of truth are nearly identical concerning their purpose.In 1984 truth is functioned against society for the sake of Big Brother and the inner-parties agenda through dehumanization. Similarly, Orwell uses Amandas character in The Glass Menagerie to demonstrate the importance of memory and how ones own deception of truth can distort their reality dramatically. Both pieces of work complement one anot her and solidify the case that memory or a deceitful memory for that matter is vulnerable to exploitation and the effects can be substantial in regard to ones sense of actuality.

Initial Public Offerings Paper Essay

When an arrangement goes global many outside factors can sponsor the government activity as tumesce as work against it. There are many jeopardizes that are involved when dealing with foreign deepens and an organization must derive how to deal with those risks and issues that whitethorn arise. Making public offerings familiarises risks as well and this is where those closest to the organization help protect and maintain the organizations image. The following paper forget adopt and address the issues and risks involved with an organization becoming a global firm as well as ways to mitigate any issues that may present themselves during the duration of the companys transition.Role of Investment Banker and UnderwriterOne of the primary ways to raise capital for a company is the sale of well-worns and bonds. supernumerary expertise is required when executing these transactions, which is done in a way that will exploit income to directing regulatory necessities when assessing i mplements. At this point is when an investment depone typically comes into play. Large enterprises and the investors are the investments banks bridges. Their primary goals are to instruct organizations and governments on how to see their business challenges are and how to support them. The role of underwriters typically obtains underwriting fees from their issuing clients. Underwriters in like manner gain revenues by marketing underwritten dividends to venture capitalists. Underwriters may take responsibility for issuing a safety issue to the community.Role of Originating House and SyndicateWhen a company is preparing for an initial public offering, it must go through an originating house or a syndicate. The originating house is an investment or brokerage firm that manages the underwriting and sale of a newissue of stock to the general public. When the negotiation of an underwriting involves more than one firm, a syndicate is formed to handle the process. A syndicate is created wh en several(prenominal) brokerage firms come together to complete the underwriting process and manage the sale of the new securities. Both the originating house and a syndicate will first bribe the new securities and then resell them to the public. These two entities play a crucial role in an initial public offering.Explanation of Pricing Issue outcome securities is a positive way to gain capital for an organization. The first issuance of a security is termsd carefully to maximize the amount of capital an organization will receive as well as entice investors to purchase the securities. New securities issued are typically sold through a brokerage firm connecting the organization with investors. If the issue is priced too high, the firm cannot sell the issues tying up their capital. If the issues are priced too low investors will purchase them very quickly causing the price to jump this is good for the investors but bad for the original organization (Mayo, 2012).Risks Involved in an Initial Public OfferingThere are risks associated with any working out a company may go through. An initial public offering can be a risk because there is no guarantee of what this stock will do on the first day. The stock may sell quickly, or the stock may not sell at all. Many multitude are not comfortable with initial public offerings because there is no historical data on the company, and this come tos their decision on purchasing the stock difficult. Those commit in the company want to be sure they will receive a return on their investment and without proper documentation to back this up they may not be willing to make those initial purchases. The private investors in the firm will also lose some control of the organization because now outsiders gain voting control over the firm. The risk of this decision is the other company may resist the takeover. This means there is a risk of a costly takeover battle. .Foreign Exchange RisksWhen an organization decides that it wants to reach out into the global market, there are some risks that should be analyzed to begin with moving on. An organization is at risk when it comes to foreign exchange due to thedifferent currency that is involved with each country that the company expands to. Foreign exchange risk occurs when the value of the investment fluctuates due to changes in a currencys exchange rate. (Sargeant, 2015). When the currency in the domestic market appreciates against the currency in a foreign market, the profits earned in that foreign market or country will be lower because it has been changed back to the currency in the domestic market where the organization is based. In this type of situation, the organization will face times in which revenues will go up as well as come down. Even though the revenues from expanding into a global market may fluctuate, there are still advantages that an organization can use to the companies advantage. remainderAn initial public offering can be a difficult and compl icated process for a company. There are many roles and players involved in the process such as the investment banker, underwriter, originating house, and syndicate. Also, there may be many risks involved for both the company and the players. It may take time to make money off the stock, and there could be an initial debt for both the company and those involved. Currency exchange rates can affect the stock causing a fluctuation in price. The process of an initial public offering can be a difficult and complicated process, but the benefits are significant and may outweigh the costs and risks of the process.ReferencesMayo, H.B. (2012). Basic finance. An introduction to financial institutions, investments, and management (10th ed.). Retrieved from The University of Phoenix eBook Collection database.Sargeant, Nicola (2015) What Risks Do Organizations Face When Engaging In International Finance Activities?http//www.investopedia.com/ communicate/answers/06/internationalfinancerisks.asp

Learning Basic Japanese Language Through Mobile Audio Learning Essay

Nowadays, education is not just all about writing in the blackboard and explaining afterwards, it needs to capture the enthusiasm of the students to be commensurate to learn. cultivation whitethorn be done in many ways, like seeing, hearing, and experiencing things first hand. Students argon fun of reading books, watching and virtually argon interested in grammar especially in scholarship foreign actors lines. ( http//homeworktips. about. com/od/homeworkhelp/a/ knowledgestyle. tm)Learning foreign languages such as Nipponese has become a trend because passel travel a lot and go abroad to earn money or simply want to visit another country and learn something about its geography and culture and charge watching movies, animes, reading books. The seekers choose the Japanese language to be used in the maturement of this research because considering that Japan is one of the leading countries in terms of engineering science efficiency and learnedness, their culture may ease up a big impact to be able to understand more and cope up with them, Considering also the possibility of increasing high paying jobs in Japan by big companies.Firms nowadays are deciding to cooperate with partners from other countries. These firms need good translators who will help them to communicate with their partners. As you can see, you need to learn another language to impersonate a good job. This knowledge can help you in your life. Learning multiple languages will always serve to enhance your quality of life, and even if you never use that language in practical circumstances, you almost certainly will enjoy the time spent educating yourself.Language learning is unique in that you ra confide have to spend much money to find a passionate instructor or fellow learner, and the adventure of understanding a new vernacular is one experience you will not soon forget. (http//learn-german-review. toptenreviews. com/the-importance-of-learning-foreign-languages. html) Audio recordings use native speakers, and ones strength is helping learners improve their accent. Some recordings have pauses for the learner to speak. Others are continuous so the learner speaks along with the recorded voice, similar to learning a song.Audio recordings for self-study use many of the methods used in classroom teaching, and have been produced on records, tapes, CDs, DVDs and websites. Most audio recordings teach lyric in the nates language by using explanations in the learners own language. An alternative is to use sound effects to show meaning of words in the target language. The only language in such recordings is the target language, and they are comprehensible regardless of the learners native language. ( http//en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Language_eduation)One of the biggest advantages to listening to lots of Japanese, users actually learn how to speak it is get nice and familiar with how Japanese should sound. User get a much better handle for pronunciation, accent, and tone tha n if users just went into it without any prior listening experience. Whether users crap it or not, their brain is subconsciously paying attention to how Japanese sounds. This makes it much easier for you to reproduce these sounds correctly when the time comes. Well, usually at least. This authentically helps out, especially by keeping from getting into any bad pronunciation habits.If users already know how it should sound, theyll be much less likely to get used to pronouncing things incorrectly or ingraining users personal Japanese with a bad accent. ( http//www. tofugu. com/2012/07/02/how-to-learn-japanese-without-really-doing-anything/) A twist in learning such as visual learning, audio learning, in this generation, contributes a big impact as a learning aid. Over the past few decades, the use of audio as a stage has great comprehensiveness and depth learning tool has been very efficient. Audio as a means there is great potential for its use in education.The diversity of mili tary action that takes advantage of audio hasnt changed much in many years. However in recent years there has been new exploration into digital uses for audio, which were anticipating fetching advantage of the potential that is unique to digital audio. The widespread popularity of audio is due, in the main, to its ubiquity in our culture and ease of use both from a attendees perspective and more recently in the creation of audio. The tools have gotten easier to use and better documentation has lowered the entry barrier.Furthermore, affordable recording devices are readily available, particularly with most mobile phones now are able to record audio to an acceptable standard, giving the majority of people the means to realise and use audio. ( http//www. jiscdigitalmedia. ac. uk/guide/using-audio-in-teaching-and-learning/ ) Traditionally, academic libraries provide us an access to the different text based materials that serve as a reference for our research, or even for the learners . But even though it provides a lot of resources, it takes a lot of time spent to look and browse each prospective book.Because of this, Southern College University and its staff tried to develop a project which involves the use of mobile technology for audio format. They tried to convert these different text based materials into audio format and into different languages, in cabaret to speed up research. In just a click, you could already have the indispensable data. Even though it is beneficial, in some ways, they tried to ask for some opinion. Some said words are too small to read the way it was read is not clear. Some of the necessary data are missing.Others said they still prefer to read the textual per se rather than using the audio format. Because of these drawbacks, the staff tried to improve and infix this kind of project in order to accommodate the different comments and will give more benefits to the users. Audio format using mobile technology is really an effective wa y for learners, to expand their knowledge especially in foreign language.This will also help those disabled person especially the blinds that really rely on their hearing senses in order to be nurtured and develop their own capabilities. Wallin, M, Kelly, K & McGinley, A 2012, Using mobile technology to deliver information in audio format learning by listening) Technology may give us a lot of benefits but it has a lot of limitations. We should be able to weigh every circumstances, whatever is more important and be able to change these limitations into a more beneficial and effective aspects. This study seeks to develop a mobile based application that would help the user learning basic Japanese language with the use of auditory learning because learning Japanese language is not that easy.Reading and visual learning is not enough, users need to have an extra means of learning. Audio learning helps users to learn the right pronunciation and accent. This study aims to develop a mobile based application that would help the user learn basic Japanese language with auditory learning to increase learning experience not just the basic form of reading, visual learning and pronouncing it but also helping the user to have better understand and have the right way of pronunciation of words.The researchers come up with these specific objectives, 1. ) To be able to promote another means, in order to develop learning aspect. 2. ) To be able to develop the comprehension of individuals in Japanese language in a faster way. 3. ) To determine the feasibility of this kind of technology as teaching aid. 4. ) To enable technology specifically this audio format be contribute to the growth of individual through Japanese language. Procedure To achieve certain objectives, the researchers should have the right approach.First objective is to be able to promote another means, in order to develop learning aspect, basically the key concept of technology is innovation and so the researchers c ame up with the idea to use audio format in order to improve the way learning is conducted, through this, education will be easier. This could be accomplished through the mobile based application which will be the end result of this project. The application will be the primary tool in order to conduct learning by converting the users input which is English words to Japanese language.The second objective is to be able to develop the comprehension of individuals in Japanese language in a faster way. Comprehension cultivation is brought about by the persons interest to learn and enrich his or her vocabulary. This could be possibly done in faster way and that is through audio format. Like the gadgets that were attached onto, with just a matter of click, users could learn in an easier way. The third objective is to determine the feasibility of this kind of technology as teaching aid. The researchers are challenged to find out the viability of using this technology in conducting learning .This will also assist us to know the possible drawbacks through opinions, imperfections to correct, problems that may arise and make some adjustments in order to improve and innovate it further for it to be more beneficial to people. The last objective is to enable technology specifically this audio format is contribute to the growth of individual through Japanese language. Nowadays, individuals are looking forward in enriching themselves in order to be competitive and to attain a wholesome growth.Some also has the need to learn and be able to speak different anguages because it is required by their single jobs, and through the use of audio format, this would be a great help in achieving these kind of situation. When users are now exposing themselves repeatedly with the audio format, little by little, they are familiarizing themselves with how Japanese should sound, resulting to a much better handle on the proper pronunciation, accent and tone. Theyll be likely to get used to it a nd in turn be able to build vocabulary, improve speech, communication skills and generally comprehension.

Why humans are responsible for evil not Satan

C. Contact your representative to send them an email showing them that you corroborate a bun in the oven immigration reform. The best part is, it takes two minutes. Conclusion l. Today I attain told you about why immigration laws were created, how some immigration laws affect transgender immigrants and undocumented students, and what you corporation do to help reform the immigration systems. VIII. So get informed and involved. We live in California, a border state, so were more inferming to be neighbors with some unitary that may be undocumented, someone that you may have grown up knowing.Be a supporter of immigrants, because according to Conor Oberst, Considering out history, I can suppose of nothing more American than an immigrant. References Marriage-based Petitions http//immigrationequality. org/issues/transgender/ marriage-based-petitions/ Cintron, E. J. (2012). Transformation the Progression of Immigration Petitions for Transgender Spouses. Family Court Review, 50(4), 6 66-678. Why hu domains are responsible for evil not heller By tearsshaven As an ancient chinese proverb verbalize , A good man lives a hundred years but an evil man lives a thousand years. Dating from histories to the current world, we are constantly bombarded with news, scandals and histories of people being exposed of their evil often only when the damage had been dealt to their victims. Most religions would commit this evil influence on demons and Satan brainwashing human race. However, despite these accusations, have we paused to ponder if these actions were really influenced from a supernatural force or created from our psychological brains in the realms of our conscience ?For example , Muammar Gaddafi, the past ruler and politician of Librayan, claimed he was trying to equalize the status of women with men but in truth , he commited atrocities and rape. He proclaimed to treat women and men equally and had his elite bodyguards entirely only women as proof. He was even descr ibed as a strict , beatified nd unearthly Islamist. However , in the shadowy depts of deceit, he raped and abused them to fulfil his perverted desires. It was only after his death did the abused victims revealed the horrify ordeals they brave outed. Lets look into the case of Miley Cyrus .In 2013 , she did a controversial and raunchy dance with Robin Thicke at the VMAS. It sparked outrage among parents and the Christians from Mileys hometown claimed that she had been influenced by the devil . The same could be said for Katy Perry when her protactinium , a pastor in a Church, accused her of being influenced by the devil when she performed provocative music ideos. If we analyse this matter without being subjective with religious views, we would see that Miley and Katy Perrys actions were techniques to gain the most attention and fame in the shortest amount of time.Why does Katy Perry , a mere music star , have more pass offers on chirrup than Barack Obama who is President to Uni ted States , the most important country in the World ? Sadly , young sex Just sells. The psychological need in earthly concern is sex. Most people are more interested in her luscious figure in the MVs than to know about Barack Obama and the World. No one nfluenced us to follow them on Twitter , we are Just driven by our instincts to the appealing image. Who were the ones who created porn websites ? The spirits didnt, the Devil didnt, humans did it.Why did we do it ? We are built to have sex and reproduce. Why are so many rapes commited? The rapists were desperate in their needs, unable to control and they were always known to be porn addicts. In the raw world, it is indispensable that we control our sexual instincts as what humanity perceives as not being an animal and having a sense of morality. Men that go to postitues are Judged s steamy and perverted men while postitues and porn stars are labelled as whore relieve thier human instincts and finding postitutes seemed the only op tion available.Based on the Indian Movie known as Silk , a bollywood actress named Silk gains fame and fortune by flaunting her body and promoting sexual appeal much to the digust of other conservative Indian women . Men , however, flocked to see her but treated her only as a sex toy . In their conscience , they only saw her as an appealing sex pricking who had no respect for herself. In the end , she committed suicide from the pressure he faced and the toyed love she had. Most of the revered Hindus there also said she was a dirty soul who would fall into hell for disobeying the law of the Gods for flaunting sex.Yet this is only what humans think. The Bible and other Holy Books were all written by humans . Whether they had really written it as orders from God , no one is 100% sure as we do not have concrete evidence that there is God. We could have also been the ones who invented God . When the Holy Wars were declared and the fighters were determined to shed holy blood in the name of their God , how could they not stop to think if it was Just enseless bloodsheds ? As quoted from Woodrow Wilson , War isnt declared in the name of God it is a human affair entirely.We shouldnt account our actions in the name of Gods , we have have account it to ourselves. We were influenced to worship God by ourselves. Look at Reetah Parson and Amanda Todds case , both were Jovial and nice people who were destroyed by evil people . They both reported the abuse to the Police but were taken for lightly. in addition , their classmates and others Joined in to bully and humiliate them because the bullies felt stir with them. The teachers were round and acted as if they were oblivious to the bullying.In the end , both Reetah and Amanda committed suicide from overwhelming pressure and depression . It was only after their tragedy was reported in the news did the Police did a through investigation. The online pages in memory of the girls also gained many sympathies and people who said they would have been friends with them to protect them from the bullies had they known. Previously , the dead girls had their Facebook profiles fill up with malicious comments from friends , classmates and other people asking them to die. Edmund Berke once said, For evil to flourish , good men must do nothing. .The tragedies occured because the adults didnt take actions to help them. No one offered to help the girls and everyonr Just watched Reetah and Amanda being bullied. The Devil didnt stage this incident. It was all due to human actions and their level of conscience. The bullies did it because they thought it was fun. They didnt have the conscience to consider how the victims would feel. Is it ironic that we jonah the Devil for the misfortunes and evil in this World when Satan punishes the evil doers for us ? We also praise the Lord for good things that happen and lament when our prayers are not answered.Good things happen with great effort. You dont get good grades Just by praying to God and not study. When you look into the sky , you dont look for God , you look in yourself. as quoted from Alan Watts. Evil things happen with human actions . You backstab your collegue to without your conscience. Dont blame others for your deeds. If God is up there , why does he let so many good people suffer ? Abraham Lincoln was assassinated for trying to help the Blacks , Junko Furuta was brutally mutilated hen she had done nothing wrong ?

Epidemiology Of Suicidal Behavior Health And Social Care Essay

The rate of posttraumatic emphasis upset in adolescence is high than the rate of posttraumatic stress disorder in maturity. posttraumatic stress disorder is signifi stick outtly associated with an change magnitude gauge for unsafe demeanour among striplings. Suicide is naughtyshot of the top three causes of adolescent dec fill-ins worldwide. In the United States felo-de-se rates among vernalish soulfulnesss ar much higher than rates for the popular population. Despite the strong relationship among posttraumatic stress disorder and unsafe behaviour, precise causal tracts associating posttraumatic stress disorder to suicide in striplings remains ill-defined. A batch of otherwise interceding factors and variables normally present themselves with both self-annihilation and posttraumatic stress disorder, including co-morbid psychiatric upsets, exposure to different signifiers of injury and nerve-racking smell level offts, household history of felo-de-se, core neurob iological alterations, and mental, stimulated, and physiological provinces like hyperarousal, impulsivity, and aggression. Because young psyche is such a critical phase of development, it is actually of import that at-risk striplings argon identified and referred for intervention. However, with many intervention challenges in these populations, effectual execution and usage of ram crack up methods are of increasing importance. This reappraisal will foreground and critically crush round of the close proved bar methods, including physician pedagogics, content terminus ad quem, and gatekeeper provision, either bit good as others like public instruction runs and guidelines for the media, including those for telecasting, gull media, and the Internet.Introduction Epidemiology of Suicidal Behavior and posttraumatic stress disorder in Adolescents and the Need for Pr change surfacetion MethodsA 2010 study, utilizing the National Comorbidity Survey-Adolescent Supplement, show th e lifetime prevalence of posttraumatic stress disorder in 10,123 striplings age 13-18 to be 5 % ( and 7 % for those aged 17-18 1 ) . A 1999 literature reappraisal open up this figure ranged from 6.3-8.1 % for striplings, compared with grownup populations which exhibited figures every bit low as 0.8-1.2 % 2 . brand traumatic emphasis upset is signifi corporationtly associated with an change magnitude sham for unsafe behaviour 3, 4 , though this association has been much slight researched than the relationship amidst self-destruction and other upsets known to be risk factors, like major depression and substance-use upsets 5 . maven survey found that among striplings and immature grownups, aged 14-24, who do past self-destruction motilitys, posttraumatic stress disorder corresponded with a higher hazard for self-destruction efforts than any other psychiatric unwellness 6 .Adolescents are at a peculiarly high hazard for sing traumatic events 7 and developing PTSD as a core of these experiences 8 . This is particularly unreassuring because young person is a critical phase of development, and holding PTSD can impede ripening and individuality formation and lead to life-long shortages with necessary mental and emotional accomplishments 2 .Harmonizing to the World Health Organization ( WHO 9 ) , self-destruction is one of the top 3 causes of decease among those aged 10-24 old ages old. About 4 trillion striplings attempt suicide every twelvemonth and much than than 100,000 of triers successfully take their ain life, ensuing in one young person self-destruction every 5 proceedingss around the universe 10 . Annually, self-destructions are responsible for 1.6 % of all deceases in the U.S. , but 15.6 % of deceases among those aged 15-24 11 . Judging by the fact that self-destruction is highly hard to foretell in the clinical scene 12 , concentrating a great trade of attempt on forbid self-destructive behaviour utilizing other method s is of the extreme importance. The intent of this reappraisal is to discourse and critically analyze bar methods for self-destructive behaviour in striplings with PTSD.The relationship between PTSD and self-destructive behaviour in striplingsMore than 90 % of young person self-destruction victims encounter at least one diagnosable psychiatric upset at the reduce of decease 13 . 75 % of those with PTSD have other mental wellness jobs 14 . Co-morbidity of PTSD with other psychiatric conditions ( including temper upsets, substance-use upsets, and psychosis ) is associated with an increased self-destruction hazard and higher rates of self-destructive behaviour 5 . Depression is the most prevailing upset among young persons who have taken their ain lives 13, 15 . Take together, this magnate take one to see a few of the ( many ) possibilities of causal interaction between PTSD and self-destructive behaviour indisputable PTSD tokens cause depression, which in bend leads to s uicidal behaviour, or even that specific properties or symptoms common to all or almost of the upsets raiseed above separately predict self-destructive behaviour 5 . However, with so many variables and hazard factors to take into history, the causal concatenation of events associating PTSD and self-destruction remains ill-defined. As a figure of surveies have pointed out, while about all self-destruction victims have at least one psychiatric upsets, most patients who have solely one or more psychiatric upsets ( without any other hazard factors ) do non really perpetrate suicide 16 . Thus, in mapping out thinkable bridle-paths of causality between PTSD and self-destruction, all other hazard factors for self-destruction that might play a function must be taken into history. in that location is some grounds that PTSD can be an free hazard factor for suicide 17, 18 . For illustration, a cohort survey of 1,698 immature grownups who grew up in Baltimore revealed a significantl y increased hazard of self-destruction efforts for those who had PTSD compared to those without the upset and those who experienced a traumatic event without developing the unwellness and this increased hazard remained unchanged even after seting for some other noteworthy hazard factors, like depression and sex 17 . Research conducted by Mazza on 106 striplings in secerns 9-12 revealed that PTSD symptomology was significantly related to to an increased hazard of self-destructive ideation after seting for depression and sexual urge 18 . Unfortunately, these surveies fail to command for a enough sum of associated hazard factors, like childhood cozy maltreatment, in order to g everyplacen out the make of confusing variables that were nt statistically analyzed in these surveies.It is likewise doable that injury and nerve-racking experiences can take to suicidality without a mediating PTSD diagnosing. Traumatic and nerve-racking events, such as exposure to terrorist act and physical and sexual maltreatment have all been found to be risk factors for PTSD, self-destruction, or other self-destructive behaviours 19, 20, 21 . However, the Baltimore young person survey listed above 17 found that merely PTSD, and non traumatic experiences, independently predicted self-destruction efforts. Besides of of import note in this survey was the determination that PTSD caused by injury that involves struggle force was significantly associated with self-destruction efforts, whereas PTSD caused by injury that did nt affect attacking force was non significantly related to suicide efforts. This determination may extend a differential association between self-destructive behaviour and the type of injury experienced.One manner of measuring the association between self-destruction and PTSD is to concentrate on some of the specific symptoms of PTSD that might be risk factors for self-destruction. One survey found that increased degrees of ill will, depression, and rousi ngs were related to higher self-destruction hazard 22 . Hostility and increased rousing autumn within the hyperarousal bunch of PTSD symptoms. However, degrees of move away ( avoidance bunch ) were negatively correlated with self-destruction hazard, taking the writers to speculate that turning away may function to decrease the opportunities of self-destruction ( 79 ) . In a longitudinal survey, Sourander and co-workers looked at a group of 580 striplings and found that those who exhibited aggressive behaviours ( which fall into the hyperarousal bunch ) at age 8 were significantly more likely to demo self-destructive behaviours ( specifically, suicide efforts and self-destructive thought ) 8 old ages subsequently, at age 16 23 . Impulsivity has besides been record to hold strong ties to both PTSD and self-destructive behaviour. For illustration, Kotler and co-workers found a positive association between impulsivity and hazard of self-destruction in patients with PTSD, as compa red with matched controls, who showed no association between these two factors 24 . granted the fact that the bulk of self-destructive crises are ephemeral, unplanned, and associated with ambivalent feelings of whether to populate or to decease 25 , impulsivity seems to be an particularly strong nexus between PTSD and self-destruction. The re-experiencing symptom bunch has besides been positively associated with PTSD and suicide 26 .With respects to the efficaciousness of different get bying schemes, Amir et al document that in PTSD patients, psychological get bying mechanisms like minimisation, function, and replacing were associated with lower hazard of self-destruction, and that strangleion was associated with an increased hazard of suicide 27 .Other hazard factors for suicide include gender, a household history of self-destruction, and past self-destruction efforts. Men successfully complete suicide more frequently and be precondition to utilize highly-lethal agencie s, as compared with females who attempt more self-destructions utilizing low-lethality processs 20 . A household history of self-destruction and old self-destruction efforts are two of the most grievous hazard factors for suicide 28 . A household history of self-destruction may increase the opportunity of developing PTSD 29 and old self-destruction efforts are potentially traumatising experiences in and of themselves. Having a household history of self-destruction or holding a history of self-destruction efforts can besides potentially lead to contagion-like effects.Contagious disease, a phenomenon by which interpersonal clutch with self-destructive persons consequences in the spread of self-destructive behaviours ( with self-destruction methods frequently being mimicked or imitated ) , sometimes throughout full communities, is more common among youth than among those in other age groups 29, 13 . A particular type of transmittable disease called the Werther consequence ref ers to copycat self-destructions spurred on by media coverage of people taking their ain lives. Media induced familial disease effects will be discussed in decimal point subsequently on.In footings of neurobiological underpinnings, injury, PTSD, and self-destruction are all associated with hyperactivity of the HPA axis 16, 29, 30 . Hyperactivity of the HPA axis is linked to traumatic experiences, like physical and sexual maltreatment, which can take to PTSD and depression 16 , which every bit mentioned, are all hazard factors for suicidality. Following injury and PTSD, dysregulation and overactivity of the HPA axis over long periods of bring down can do terrible shortages in the emphasis response, and in consequence, render a individual overly-reactionary and sensitive to subsequent environmental stressors and unable to adequately chasten these fear-based reactions. This mechanism is normally referred to as sensitisation. Heightened activity in the amygdaloid nucleus and the corresponding increased emotional reactivity aid lend to sensitization 30 . PTSD is significantly associated with reduced hippocampal volume, enhanced feedback control of the HPA axis via hippocampal dysregulation 29 , neural decease or wasting, and damage of neurogenesis in this encephalon part 30 . Take together, this can take individuals with PTSD to over-generalize fear responses associated with their traumatic experiences to fresh environments or people and exhibit hypervigilance and nerve-racking reactions in even the safest of state of affairss 29 . These shortages cause symptoms related to both PTSD and suicide, such as weakness, aggression, negative outlooks, low-self regard, and self-destructiveness 16, 29 . Furthermore, impulsivity in PTSD and self-destruction is linked to shortages in the ability to suppress straitening or self-destructive emotions 6 which are associated with shortages in executive operation, every bit good as seratonergic and prefrontal cere bral mantle abnormalcies ( particularly the ventromedial prefrontal parts ) 16, 31 . Finally, it may be the instance that PTSD, self-destruction, and other associated conditions all portion a equivalent familial, epigenetic, and/or neurobiological sensitivity 16, 29, 30 . barroom of self-destruction in striplings with PTSDThere has been a good trade of research conducted on suicide bar for the general population and besides some back with suicide bar in adolescent populations, but none looking into bar methods tailored to suicidal striplings with PTSD.There are two general options when it comes to suicide bar decreasing hazard factors for self-destruction or instance determination, which refers to looking for and placing at hazard individuals for referral and intervention 3 .A literature reappraisal by Mann found that the three most effectual bar techniques have proven to be means limitation, instruction of primary attention doctors, and gatekeeper expression 33 .Meanss R estrictionMeans limitation refers to any go taken to diminish entree to or handiness of self-destruction means 24 . Suicide triers tend to utilize specific, favorite methods, and when they are unable to achieve the agencies for these favored methods, they are less likely to do a suicide effort 34 .The point justification for implementing agencies limitation steps is that the bulk of self-destructive crises and feelings of desiring to kill oneself are brief and transient, unplanned or unprompted, and frequently accompanied by assorted feelings of whether to populate or to decease 24 . Therefore, with more deadly means unavailable or unaccessible during this short window of chance, the self-destructive individual will either non travel through with the effort or usage less deadly agencies 24 . Given the grounds highlighted above, that impulsivity may function as a strong nexus between PTSD and self-destruction, means limitation seems as if it might be merely as effectual if a self-destructive crisis is spurred on by PTSD-related impulsivity or other PTSD symptoms associated with self-destruction mentioned above.Harmonizing to the CDC, the top three methods used by immature people in self-destructions are pieces ( 45 % ) , asphyxiation ( 40 % ) , and toxic condition ( 8 % 35 ) . One survey found that across the United States, suicide rates are higher for people populating in locations where there are more guns in places and that this association is most outstanding for striplings aged 5-19 36 . In support of agencies limitation, surveies systematically show that go throughing piece control Torahs lead to decreases in suicide rates 37, 38 . For illustration, the passing of gun control statute law in 1976 in the District of Columbia led to a 23 % decrease in firearm-related self-destructions 37 . Similarly, gun control Torahs in South Australia led to important lessenings in self-destructions utilizing pieces, in comparing with other Australian pr ovinces without similar gun Torahs in topographic point ( where there was an addition self-destruction rates 38 ) . For self-destructive striplings with PTSD, one potentially good hereafter avenue for research might be to concentrate on calculating out if PTSD caused by certain types of trauma lead to utilizing specific self-destruction means more frequently than others. For illustration, it seems sensible to believe that those that who experience gun-related injury might be less likely to take pieces as their agencies because they will likely attempt to avoid any reminder of the injury at the hazard of triping reliving symptoms. The consequences of one survey already discussed above, which found that turning away behaviours were negatively correlated with self-destruction hazard 22 might supply some support for this hypothesis. doctor Education and TrainingOne of the most promising bar methods of self-destruction in striplings is to educate and develop primary attention doctor s to better screen, place, and dainty patients with psychiatric upsets, every bit good as to mention such patients to mental wellness attention professionals 33 . However, an inordinate sum of doctors fail to place and efficaciously give support and intervention to patients with self-destructive dispositions and associated psychiatric upsets, like depression 15 . This failure to acknowledge depression and other hazard factors related to suicide may be a major ground why most self-destruction victims go untreated before taking their ain lives 33 . Physician instruction may be of peculiar importance in kids and young person because it is frequently the instance that doctors are a young person s lone beginning of mental wellness attention service 39 . The bar of self-destruction in the primary attention puting can potentially be an highly effectual method because about 75 % of all victims have contact with a doctor within a twelvemonth of self-destruction and about half of all victims have contact with a doctor within a month of taking their ain lives 40 . In one survey based in Australia, primary attention doctors took portion in a preparation workshop that was intended to assist them to break identify and efficaciously react to immature people at hazard for self-destruction. Despite the fact that the workshop merely lasted for one twenty-four hours, designation of self-destructive patients increased by 130 % 41 . Other surveies besides show that this bar method leads to decreases in self-destruction rates and increases in rates of placing those at an increased hazard for suicide 42, 43 .Doctors should test all striplings to measure get bying accomplishments and any ideas or behaviours, past tense and nowadays, which are associated with self-destructive behaviours 44 . With respects to our population of survey, doctors should besides be adept in testing for, identifying, and triaging striplings with PTSD ( and other upsets related to increased h azard of self-destruction ) . The Society for General Internal Medicine enlisted the aid of the American Association of Medicine and Psychiatry, the American Psychiatric Association, The American College of Physicians, and the American Academy of Physician in order to supply doctors with literature and guidelines to efficaciously name and handle psychiatric upsets normally observed in primary attention 45 . Furthermore, doctors might besides desire to measure which type of injury led to PTSD for different persons so as to understand turning away forms and to acquire a appreciation on which suicide methods might be most favourable for each person. Taking showing and assessment consequences into history, the clinician can besides function to manoeuvre a support system for the young person patients by opening lines of communicating with parents and other grownups and possible gatekeepers in the local community, including instructors, activity spouses, etc. 46 . In general, by orga nizing respectful, encouraging, and most significantly, understanding relationships with adolescent patients, primary attention doctors can open a much needed line of support for striplings in times of crisis or hurt 46 , which would be particularly utile for those self-destructive young person with co-morbid or peculiarly distressful upsets, like PTSD and depression.Screening instruments, which may concentrate on hazard factors for self-destruction or suicide entirely 33 , are valuable tools that doctors should use. These instruments faithfully lead to dead on target acknowledgment of and significantly higher sensing rates of at-risk young person populations 47, 48 . amiable Health CareOf all of the many assortments of therapies that are typically utilized in efforts to handle self-destructive people, dialectical behavioural therapy is the lone 1 that has continuously proven to be effectual in decreasing self-destructive behaviour in the grownup population 20 . Unfortunat ely, none of the research found on this subject has focused any attending specifically on self-destructive behaviour in striplings with PTSD. With specific respects to get bying schemes, clinicians should learn and promote PTSD patients to utilize get bying schemes associated with lower hazard of self-destruction in PTSD patients, like replacing, function, and minimisation, and to avoid those associated with higher hazard of self-destruction in PTSD patients, like suppression 25 . Harmonizing to Sher and Ganz, a combination of pharmacotherapy and psychotherapeutics is likely to be the silk hat intervention option for mental wellness professionals to give to striplings with PTSD 29 .Gatekeeper TrainingGatekeeper preparation refers to educating and developing grownup community members who croak and interact with adolescent populations on a twenty-four hours to twenty-four hours footing to acknowledge young person at hazard for self-destruction, assess their degree of hazard, and mention them to mental wellness professionals for intervention when necessary 33 . Gatekeepers can include those working in institutional scenes ( instructors, counsel counsellors, managers, prison and military functionaries, etc. ) , clergy and other spiritual professionals, constabulary, first respondents, nurses, and primary attention doctors 32, 33 . Unfortunately, many possible gatekeepers lack either cognition of the hazard factors for young person self-destruction or do nt possess the appropriate attitudes or intercession accomplishments to efficaciously take action when needed. For illustration, a countrywide study of U.S. high school instructors showed that fewer than 10 % of all instructors felt that they could place at-risk pupils, and even amongst counsellors who possessed cognition of the hazard factors two tierces did nt believe that they could acknowledge pupils at hazard for suicide 49 . It becomes even more of import to contrive gatekeeper schemes when one t akes into history a determination by Wyman and co-workers of a assorted sample of 2,059 8th and 10th class pupils surveyed with respects to help-seeking attitudes, those who mentioned a past self-destruction effort were much less likely than those without a past self-destruction effort to seek aid or believe that any school forces could assist them 50 .The cumulative literature on this subject has non yet proven gatekeeper preparation to hold an independent or important consequence on decreasing self-destructive behaviour 32 . However, there have been some studies that point towards positive effects of these preparation plans.A survey based in Quebec gave gatekeeper preparation to 43 grownup assistants who worked with young person populations. Within 6 months of the preparation day of the month, over 60 % of the assistants made an intercession with a self-destructive young person, and the grownups condition the preparation attained increased intercession accomplishments and co gnition of self-destructive behaviour as compared with 28 assistants in a control group who did nt have the preparation 5 .Public Education PlansPublic instruction plans attempt to supply suicide spirit information and inform the populace about hazard factors and designation schemes, every bit good as to assist cultivate appropriate attitudes towards suicide and self-destructive behaviour. These plans are frequently targeted at adolescent populations 13 and particularly in the school puting 28 . One survey looking at a school-based instruction run for striplings found that because of the intercession pupils were able to get by more efficaciously with emphasis and negative feelings like hopelessness 52 , which is a symptom associated with both PTSD and self-destructive behaviour in striplings. However, there is non adequate empirical grounds look intoing the efficaciousness of this method of suicide bar to do any definite decisions or recommendations 28, 33 . Such preventi ve intercessions can besides take to aim more specific at-risk populations like self-destructive striplings with PTSD by including information about placing persons in this population, hazard factors, and intervention options.Media GuidelinesAs evidenced in the literature, the media ( print, telecasting, cyberspace ) can assist to ease decreases of young person self-destruction by supplying supportive advice and educating the populace or can hold potentially black results, raising mass contagious disease effects as a consequence of irresponsible coverage of self-destructions ( i.e. romanticizing or romanticizing self-destruction, or dramatising more deadly self-destruction methods 24, 33, 53, 54, 55 ) . Improper coverage can even take to the instruction of new or alternate suicide methods 24 , every bit good as draw attending to suicide hot musca volitanss 56 . In this context, the effects of contagious disease can be far more black than contagious disease via person-person co ntact in community and local scenes ( as already discussed 53 ) . Furthermore, there is good grounds that young person populations are at the greatest hazard to media-related contagious disease effects 54, 57 Phillips and Carstensen 54 reported that T.V. intelligence and characteristic narratives about self-destruction caused important additions in teenage self-destruction over the calendar week following these broadcasts ( about a 7 % addition ) compared with grownup self-destructions that increased by less than half of a per centum. In add-on, broader coverage of these narratives by more intelligence Stationss led to higher Numberss of adolescent self-destruction.Media contagious disease ( besides normally referred to as the Werther consequence ) can in big portion be explained by societal larning theory 53 . In the instance of the Werther consequence, greater public attending can function as a wages to the observer and can show as longer continuance of coverage, grea ter sums of coverage 53 , and greater prominence of coverage, including front page arrangement or book binding famous person self-destructions 58 . Furthermore, perceivers are more likely to pattern behavior off of others that they portion similar features with ( similar age or gender ) and maintain more attending on sing narratives that involve such people 59, 60 . For illustration, for up to 70 yearss after the screening of a hebdomadary series that depicted the railroad self-destruction of a 19-year old male pupil, the figure of railroad self-destructions were highest amongst the population of 15-19 twelvemonth old males ( with rates increasing by up to 175 % ) , as compared to all other age/gender populations 60 .There are besides a few surveies looking into the possible relationship between PTSD and media effects. Research workers covering with 69 young persons in the 6th class who lived near Oklahoma metropolis when the 1995 bombardment took topographic point, but wer e non straight exposed to the event, found that indirect witnessing of the event via media beginnings was significantly associated with geting PTSD symptoms 61 . Another survey based in Ontario analyzing 143 undergraduate pupils ( aged 17-37 ) , looked at the PTSD symptomology related to media exposure to the 9/11 terrorist onslaughts. Media exposure was significantly associated with 2 of the 3 PTSD symptom bunchs, including hyperarousal and reliving symptoms, but was nt associated with the turning away bunch 62 . Taken in visible radiation of consequences already mentioned, that PTSD symptoms like hyperarousal and reliving symptoms in youth lead to an increased hazard of self-destruction, it can be inferred that media coverage of certain events can function to rise these hazard factors even more and make an even shorter span between PTSD and self-destruction.As briefly mentioned above, if conducted in a responsible mode, media studies on self-destruction can hold potentially go od effects ( the Popegeno consequence ) . The chief bar method for self-destructive contagious disease and other inauspicious effects of the media is supplying describing guidelines for media organisations to follow 33, 63 . Such guidelines may include turning away of sensationalizing or dramatising self-destructions, promoting self-destructive people to seek intervention and attention, and educating them about the hazard factors and effectual header mechanisms, educating those involved in the production and describing about contagious disease, turning away of lucubrating on particulars of suicide methods or hot-spots, and restricting the coverage and prominence of suicide instances and avoiding front page arrangement 53 . These guidelines listed are some that help to organize a set of national guidelines developed by the American Foundation for Suicide Prevention 64 . The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention has besides released similar guidelines for media describing 65 . Although no research has focused on the efficaciousness of these specific guidelines 33, 53 , there has been some work done on others. For illustration, in Vienna, Austria self-destruction rates, and in peculiar, rates of metro self-destructions, increased dramatically after the metro system was put into topographic point in 1978. Elmar and Sonneck documented an 80 % lessening in metro self-destructions after guidelines were developed by the Austrian Association for Suicide Prevention and spread via a media run in 1987 66 . In another survey, after Swiss newspapers and magazines implemented a set of guidelines, research workers found that in comparing to before the guidelines, articles received less outstanding arrangement, were non as drawn-out, less sensational, and included less images 67 . Taking into history the surveies on media coverage of PTSD, similar guidelines can be put into topographic point with minor add-ons to account for the hazard factors and symptoms a ssociated with self-destructive striplings with PTSD.There have been comparatively few surveies looking to see if the cyberspace might hold a relationship with suicidality 68 . However, the cyberspace is of peculiar concern in visible radiation of the facts that societal networking sites can be utilized to distribute information in merely proceedingss 24 , there are suicide confab suites and web sites incorporating instructions for different self-destruction methods 33 , and about all immature Americans and striplings have internet entree to one grade or another ( with 93 % of all 12-17 twelvemonth olds and 89 % of 18-24 twelvemonth olds being online in 2009 55 ) ..The most used societal media site, Facebook, reached 500 million registered users in 2010 69 and in 2009, in general, societal networking sites were used on a regular footing by 73 % of teens, including 55 % of 12-13 twelvemonth olds and 82 % of 14-17 twelvemonth olds 70 . There is grounds that Facebook and ot her societal media sites may really function to increase societal support and hike mental well-being 71 and even halt or diminish self-destructive ideation in immature people and striplings 68 . One particularly unreassuring on-line locale is web sites devoted to advancing self-destruction by detailing information on self-destruction agencies and methods, of which there were found to be more than 100,000 in 1999 72 . Other possible avenues for obtaining information about self-destruction include forums and self-help pages, in which other users can go frontwards finds or feedback. In 2010, Ries 73 documented a instance in which a 24 twelvemonth old male posted a remark on a forum about the purpose to kill himself. While some showed support and understanding, others egged him on. The immature adult male went on to kill himself.In footings of Internet-related PTSD effects, one survey found that amongst simple school kids who indirectly witnessed or heard about the 9/11 terror ist onslaughts via different media mercantile establishments, kids who byword or heard about it on the Internet reported more PTSD symptoms than those who witnessed the event by manner of telecasting or print media 74 .A recent cohort survey 68 conducted with 719 14-24 twelvemonth olds found that 59 % of participants saw or learned about suicide narratives on the Internet. Mental wellness information was besides attained from the participants. Although hopelessness and cognizing person who attempted or committed self-destruction at baseline were both extremely related to larning approximately self-destructions from societal networking sites, societal media was non related to additions in self-destructive ideation in these groups, proposing that these sites may really function to be effectual middlings for societal support and forestalling self-destructive behaviour. The same good effects were non observed with online forums, which were related to additions in self-destructive ideation, supplying grounds that forums may function to promote or ease self-destructive behaviour. The same goes for blogging, which was related to hopelessness. These consequences may bespeak that young persons with PTSD or other mental wellness jobs associated with self-destruction may be best off sing societal media sites as opposed to forums or web logs.Like with other types of media bar, the Internet can besides be a medium used to adequately educate striplings about self-destruction, its causes, hazard factors, and intervention options. In order to battle the hurtful effects of suicide-promotion sites and other harmful locales, suicide-prevention web sites can be utilized to back up and steer suicidal young person to learn effectual header schemes and proper intervention options. Furthermore, mental wellness suppliers and gatekeepers like primary attention doctors and instructors can assist educate young person of the dangers and benefits of Internet usage ( 133 ) . Besides, as mentioned above, Facebook and other societal media sites may really assist to forestall self-destruction by leting support and counsel from friends and other people in one s societal web 13, 71 . Finally, some signifier of media guidelines might assist to forestall the spread of contagious disease on the Internet. All of the bow mentioned bar options can be utilized for self-destructive striplings with PTSD and/or other psychiatric conditions.Multi-dimensional Prevention MethodsGiven the demonstrated efficaciousness of most of the bar methods discussed, it seems sensible to speculate that a more various, multi-dimensional self-destruction bar method, uniting all or some of these methods, might turn out to hold the best consequences of all. In a survey based in Nuremberg, Germany 76 both primary attention doctors and community gatekeepers ( clergy, help-lines, mental wellness attention workers, police officers, prison officers ) were given suicide bar preparation. Furthermore, media organisations ( T.V. , wireless, and newspaper ) were given guidelines to follow refering coverage of self-destructions in order to forestall imitator self-destructions and contagion-related effects. There was besides a public instruction run launched which organized talks for the general populace and enlisted the aid of public functionaries and assorted media mercantile establishments ( including a film dawdler and an internet web site ) to assist educate community members and wellness attention workers about depression ( which of class, is one of the chief hazard factors for self-destruction ) and to promote people with depression or depressive symptoms to seek aid. Result showed that over a two twelvemonth period, there was a 24 % decrease in self-destructive Acts of the Apostless ( which included completed self-destructions and suicide efforts ) , and that this decrease was important compared with the control part ( Wuerzburg, Germany ) that did nt have the bar plans. In Wuerzburg, self-destructive Acts of the Apostless increased by over 7 % over the two twelvemonth span. More research needs to be conducted on such multi-dimensional attacks in order to come to any concrete decisions about the efficaciousness of this method compared with the other methods discussed.

Born Too Short

Thirteen year-old, five-foot unmatchable lustrelessness Greene has one problem. He too has many talents that go unnoticed. He is very intelligent and pile play the guitar. But, he does not get the respect due to him because of his height. He does not play sports, and has gotten spurned by girls he wants to date. They do not want a boyfriend who is the size of a dwarf. irrelevant Matt, his best friend, Keith, was the coolest most popular guy. He is everything that Matt is not. He stands a towering six feet deuce-ace inches tall and is captain of the basketball team. He does not have any problems getting dates with the girls. Matt aspires to be like him, but he just does not have the same effect as Keith.Matt became very angry one day and confessed his jealousy of Keith to himself. He wished that bad things would happen to Keith. He cherished Keiths girlfriend to dump him. He wanted him to be bad at sports. He also wanted Shania Twain, who was going to star in Keiths fathers mov ie, to look like a horse.Suddenly the next day, all of his wishes started coming true. Keiths girlfriend cheated on him. Keith missed the last appoint in the championship game, thus causing his team to lose. Shania Twain had a car accident, and had to have charge card surgery on her face, and in the newspaper, she looked like a horse.Good fortune fell upon Matt. He has a scholarship to Paris for music and found himself a girlfriend, named Jose. After realizing what happened to Keith, Matt feels guilty. He feels that his secret look up to has ruined his best friends life. He wanted to make every thing go back to normal. He had to talk to Keith to resolve the conflict.After a heartfelt conversation with Keith, Matt learns that he does not need to be like his friend. He realizes that every person is different and that is what makes people unique. He appreciates the friendships that he shares with Keith and Jose. Now, Matt is more careful in what he thinks about people without knowing how they whitethorn be feeling.

What should be done with our solid waste

The union of secure waste in the worlds economically developed countries has been increase dramatically during the 20th century. This is due to increasing economic affluence like increase consumption of ebergy and raw materials, the increased manufacture and transport sale. in like manner free constant demand for the products that does not last for long like toys. There is an increase in the amount the world, which requires considerable packaging. Also use of a wide range of variety of products cause the product of more waste.Many things have been done to solve this problem. But we have not managed to solve the pot problem, but there are some particular methods how to reduce the waste.The three methods i am dismissal to include in this essay are the landfill method, the incieration and recycling.Landfills are facilities that serve as long-term disposal sites for confederacy solid wastes. They are designed and operated to protect both the confederacy and the environment from c ontamination. When properly operated, landfill sites can stop up clean groundwater and clean air in the connection and environment. Proper landfill design will enhance the environmental protection provided by locating the landfill correctly.When selecting a landfill location it is preferable to have a site set(p) in an environment that provides natural protection. Similarly, a site where landfill generated contaminants are naturally reduced to acceptable concentrations or are naturally contained is preferable. This is known as a site with abilities of natural self attenuation. Where self attenuation is not possible, it is necessary to construct a landfill facility in a designated area.AdvantagesA properly sited and engineered landfill offers oft better control of the environmental and health hazards associated with waste disposal than a garbage dump or burning pit. After a landfill has been closed, the site is landscaped and can be converted into a park, toboggan hills, golf cour ses, etc. A new landfill can also serve as an incentive for increased environmental awareness in the community. In communities currently using a garbage dump or burning pit, the regular collection of community solid waste and its disposal in a landfill encourages the interval and safe disposal of hazardous waste and can even serve as a offset point for a recycling program. A well-run landfill can become a source of pride to a First Nations community, allowing the community to serve as a model of environmentally responsible community solid waste management.DisadvantagesA key disadvantage of the community solid waste landfill relates more to public light than with a flaw in the solid waste management method itself. Many people, usually confusing the landfill with the uncontrolled garbage dump, react negatively and strongly to the idea of building a new community solid waste landfill in their community. One operational disadvantage is the difficulty in applying cover materials in w inter months. To ensure the coverage of wastes in winter conditions, heavy equipment may be needed which may not be available in small communities.Secondly, a landfill also produces what is commonly termed landfill gas. This gas, which consists primarily of methane, forms because of the decline of organic wastes in the landfill. If allowed to accumulate in a confined space, landfill gas can pose a danger as an explosive. Because of the small scale of a typical First Nations community landfill, the low aim of landfill gas produced, does not usually pose serious hazards to the community and to the environment.Also, depending on community size, landfills require a large land base to meet the communitys current and future needs. Hauling waste off-reserve to a near municipal or regional landfill would better preserve a communitys land base. Finally, constructing and operating a community solid waste landfill may require more financial resources than hauling waste off-reserve.

Computer Software Essay

Q1.What ar the main types of softwargon package? What argon the advantages of open- outset packet package? Describe the decisiveness reservation process of acquiring application softw ar program.Q2.In the end, instruction administration is recognized save as a foundation for merciful judgment, insight and inventiveness. Discuss. What ar contrastive types of controls and audits required for an knowledge dodging?Q3.What is information processing corpseized caution instruction? Explain the conceptual model through which the maintenance shape tail end achieve its objectives on a sustain basis.Q4.Excel is a various spreadsheet package. It discharge do wonder for accountants. Explain.Q5. What do you read by Artificial Intelligence? What are the factors that highlighted the need of create AI? What are the goals of AI.Q1.What are the main types of software? What are the advantages of open-source software? Describe the decision making process of acquiring application software.Main Types of packetProgramming bundle This is one of the virtually commonly kn avow and popularly utilise types of computer software. These software come in the form of tools that incite a programmer in writing computer programs. Computer programs are sets of logical instructions that take a crap a computer system perform true tasks. The tools that armed service programmers in instructing a computer system include text editors, compilers and interpreters. Compilers translate source code written in a programming manner of speaking into the language which a computer understands (mostly the binary form).System Software It helps in running computer computer hardware and the computer system. System software refers to the operating systems device drivers, servers, windowing systems and utilities. System software helps an application programmer in abstracting a fashion from hardware, memory and separate internal Byzantineities of a computer. An operating system provid es users with a platform to make out high-level programs. Firmware and BIOS provide the means to operate hardware.Application Software It enables the end users to accomplish certain ad hoc tasks. Business software, databases and educational software are some forms of application software. Different word processors, which are dedicated to specialized tasks to be performed by the user, are some new(prenominal) examples of application software.Malware Malware refers to all malicious software and is a broader category of software that are a threat to computer security measures. Adware, spyware, computer viruses, worms, trojan horses and scareware are malware. Computer viruses are malicious programs which replicate themselves and spread from one computer to another over the entanglement or the Internet..Adware Adware is software with the means of which advertisements are played and downloaded to a computer. Programmers design adware as their tool to amaze revenue. They do raise user information give care the websites he visits frequently and the pages he likes. Advertisements that appear as pop-ups on your screen are the result of adware programs tracking you. But adware is not harmful to computer security or user privacy. The data it collects is only for the purpose of inviting user clicks on advertisements.Inventory Management Software This type of software helps an organization in tracking its goods and materials on the basis of quality as swell up as quantity. Warehouse inventory wariness functions encompass the internal warehouse movements and storage. Inventory software helps a company in organizing inventory and optimizing the flow of goods in the organization, thus leading to improved customer service. utility-grade Software Also known as service routine, utility software helps in the management of computer hardware and application software. It performs a small range of tasks. Disk defragmenters, systems utilities and virus s give the gateners are some of the emblematic examples of utility software.Data Backup and Recovery Software An ideal data backup and recovery software provides functionalities beyond simple copying of data files. This software often supports user needs of specifying what is to be plump for up and when. Backup and recovery software preserve the original organization of files and allow an easy recuperation of the backed up data.Advantages of open source softwareUsually, the first perceived advantage of open source models is the fact that open source software is made available gratis or at a low cost. But this characteristic is not exclusive to open source software, and several proprietary software products are made available in similar ways (a prominent case could be Microsofts Internet Explorer). What really distinguishes open source software from software available without fee is the combination of slip imputable to the characteristics discussed in section 3.1. All of them unite produce a synerg istic impact which is the cause of the real advantages of the open source model. Let us provide some more detail on how do these characteristics turn into advantagesThe right to redistribute modifications and improvements to the code, and to reuse other open source code, permits all the advantages due to the modifiability of the software to be shared by large communities. This is usually the point that contrastiveiates open source software licences from nearly free ones. In substance, the fact that redistribution rights fecesnot be revoked, and that they are universal, is what attracts a substantial crowd of developers to become around open source software projects.The right to use the software in any way. This, combined with redistribution rights, ensures (if the software is useful enough), a large population of users, which helps in turn to build up a market for support and customization of the software, which can only attract more and more developers to work in the project. Th is in turn helps to improve the quality of the product, and to improve its functionality. Which, once more, will cause more and more users to go on the product a try, and probably to use it regularly.The decision making process of acquiring Application SoftwareApplications are made available in line with problem requirements. This process covers the design of the applications, the proper carrellular inclusion of application controls and security requirements, and the development and configuration in line with standards. This allows organisations to properly support business operations with the correct automated applications.Control over the IT process of Acquire and maintain application software that satisfies the business requirement for IT of aligning available applications with business requirements, and doing so in a timely manner and at a reasonable cost by focvictimization on ensuring that in that location is a timely and cost-effective development process is achieved by T ranslating business requirements into design specifications Adhering to development standards for all modifications Separating development, testing and operational activities and is mensural by Number of production problems per application causing visible downtime Percent of users satisfied with the functionality delivered Q2.In the end, information system is recognized only as a foundation for human judgment, insight and inventiveness. Discuss. What are different types of controls and audits required for an information system? schooling system, an integrated set of components for collecting, storing, processing, and communicating information.Business firms, other organizations, and individuals in contemporary society rely on information systems to manage their operations, compete in the marketplace, sum services, and augment personal lives. For instance, modern corporations rely on computerized information systems to process monetary accounts and manage human resources munici pal governments rely on information systems to provide basic services to its citizens and individuals use information systems to study, shop, bank, and invest. knowledge systems controlsTo ensure secure and efficient operation of information systems, an organization institutes a set of procedures and technological measures called controls. Information systems are safeguarded through a combination of general and application controls.General controls apply to information system activities throughout an organization. The most outstanding general controls are the measures that control access to computer systems and the information stored there or transmitted over telecommunications networks. General controls include administrative measures that hold back employee access to only those processes outright relevant to their duties. As a result, these controls limit the damage that any individual employee or employee impersonator can do. Fault-tolerant computer systems installed in critic al environments, much(prenominal) as in hospital information systems or securities marketplaces, are designed to control and isolate problems so that the system can continue to function.Application controls are specific to a given application and include such measures as validating input data, regularly archiving copies of heterogeneous databases, and ensuring that information is disseminated only to authorized users.The effectiveness of an information systems controls is evaluated through an information systems audit. It is a dower of a more general financial audit that verifies an organizations accounting records and financial statements. Information systems are designed so that every financial transaction can be traced. In other words, an audit trail essential exist that can establish where each transaction originated and how it was processed. deviation from financial audits, operational audits are apply to evaluate the effectiveness and efficiency of information systems op erations.Q3.What is computerized maintenance management? Explain the conceptual model through which the maintenance function can achieve its objectives on a sustained basis.Computerized maintenance management system (CMMS) is also known as enterprise asset management and computerized maintenance management information system (CMMIS). A CMMS software package maintains a computer database of information about an organizations maintenance operations, i.e. CMMIS computerized maintenance management information system. This information is intended to help maintenance workers do their jobs more effectively (for example, determining which machines require maintenance and which storerooms contain the spare move they need) and to help management make informed decisions (for example, calculating the cost of machine breakdown repair versus delayive maintenance for each machine, possibly leading to better allocation of resources). CMMS data may also be used to verify regulatory compliance.CM MS packages may be used by any organization that must perform maintenance on equipment, assets and property. Some CMMS products focus on particular industry sectors (e.g. the maintenance of vehicle fleets or health care facilities). Other products aim to be more general.CMMS packages can produce side reports and documents giving details or summaries of maintenance activities. The more sophisticated the package, the more analysis facilities are available. umpteen CMMS packages can be either web-based, meaning they are hosted by the company selling the product on an outside server, or LAN based, meaning that the company buying the software hosts the product on their own server.The conceptual model through which the maintenance function can achieve its objectives on a sustained basis are used to manage simple or complex facilities, from a superstar mental synthesis to a complete campus. They can also be used to manage the maintenance program for a grouping of equipment such as a fl eet of vehicles. The systems are very versatile since most are in modular form for the various maintenance functions and can be customized to fit the particular application. whatsoever system or set of modules are selected for use, careful consideration needs to be given to available Requirements and a sound deployment plan. The CMMS must bear the needs, constraints, and opportunities of the business and be implemented in a way that users will welcome the technology and establish a vision for the benefits it brings. Proper configuration, testing, and training cannot be over emphasized when bringing a new CMMS or upgrading an real system to an organization.Q4.Excel is a versatile spreadsheet package. It can do wonder for accountants. Explain.Excel spreadsheets are the most common and indispensable tool used by accountants, enabling them to analyse, report and share financial information. Much of this can be accomplished using only a fraction of the wealth of functions and options within the Excel program. Basic arithmetic, the SUM() function and some cell border formatting will let you produce useful models and perform some quite complex calculations. By expanding your knowledge with just a few other functions, Excel can become a much more versatile tool. Very occasionally Excel does not contain a function that you may expect, and it is necessary to combine other functions to perform tasks such as calculating weighted averages. Accountants curb a professional responsibility to present accurate data.The IF() and TEXT() functions are essential for incorporating error checking messages to demonstrate that the spreadsheet models have been reconciled and are performing properly. A spreadsheet presentation gives reports a degree of unearned credibility. This is frequently ill-deserved and interrogation showings that a high proportion of large models contain critical errors. Your spreadsheets must be well designed and thoroughly checked If you wish to be select ive with your data and only perform calculations on items that meet certain criteria, both Database and Array functions are useful, but SUMPRODUCT() is the most versatile and wonderful election. It is able to extract all sorts of values from a table of data and can be used as an alternative to a great many functions.Graphs are a great way to present information, but lionize them simple. Dont get carried away with 3D formats which can make it difficult to read important axis values. If you update a chart on a regular basis, you are very believably to occasionally forget to manually alter any titles which contain period information. It is best to link chart titles to cell contents which can be automatically updated.A popular, modern Financial Management technique is that of balanced scorecards which often incorporate traffic light indicators. Conditional formatting for cell ranges is not only useful for highlighting exceptional or incorrect values but can be used to automatically colour cells to show good or bad performance.In order to report on tables of data with separate columns or rows for each accounting period, the OFFSET() function lets you select data for any single or cumulative period.There are numerous financial functions for performing interest and investment calculations. These can greatly simplify the long formulae previously required for things such as loan repayments but incessantly beware. The built in functions may perform differently to your own (textbook) formulas. They may invert the sign and show negative results where you expect positive they may use a base period of p0 where you assume it is p1. once you have tested the financial functions using a variety of situations and confirmed the results, they make tasks such as calculating the Net Present Value much easier. Finally, it is always helpful to make your models friendly to other users. Protecting or restricting the values that can be placed in cells will prevent unforeseen error s. Drop down boxes are a splendid way of getting values from users and hyperlinks can guide them around your models. By incorporating dates and filenames in default headers and footers, anyone can trace the source of your masterpiece.Q5. What do you understand by Artificial Intelligence? What are the factors that highlighted the need of developing AI? What are the goals of AI.Artificial perception (AI) is the intelligence of machines and the disunite of computer science that aims to create it. While there are many different definitions, AI textbooks define the field as the study and design of intelligent agents. where an intelligent agent is a system that perceives its environment and takes actions that maximize its chances of success. John McCarthy, who coined the term in 1956 defines it as the science and engineering of making intelligent machines.The field was founded on the claim that a central property of humans, intelligencethe sapience of human race sapienscan be so precis ely described that it can be simulated by a machine. This raises philosophical issues about the nature of the mind and the ethics of creating artificial beings, issues which have been addressed by myth, fiction and philosophy since antiquity. Artificial intelligence has been the subject of optimism,8 but has also suffered setbacks and, today, has become an essential part of the technology industry, providing the heavy lifting for many of the most difficult problems in computer science.AI research is highly technical and specialized, deeply divided into subfields that often fail in the task of communicating with each other Subfields have grown up around particular institutions, the work of individual researchers, and the solution of specific problems, resulting in longstanding differences of opinion about how AI should be done and the application of widely differing tools. The central problems of AI include such traits as reasoning, knowledge, planning, learning, communication, perce ption and the ability to move and manipulate objects. General intelligence (or sozzled AI) is still among the fields long term goals.Goals of AIThe long-term goals of AI include finding out what the world is like, understanding it, and changing it, or, in other words,a.empirical study and modelling of existing intelligent systems (mainly human beings)b.theoretical analysis and exploration of possible intelligent systems and possible mechanisms and representations usable by such systems andc.solving practical problems in the light of (a) and (b), namelyc.1.attempting to deal with problems of existing intelligent systems (e.g., problems of human learning or emotional difficulties) andc.2.designing useful new intelligent or semi intelligent machines.Some plenty restrict the term artificial intelligence to a subset of this wide-ranging work. For example, those who think of it as essentially a branch of engineering restrict it to (c.2). This does not do justice to the full range of wo rk done in the name of AI.In any case, it is folly to try to produce engineering solutions without either studying general underlying principles or investigating the existing intelligent systems on which the new machines are to be modelled or with which they will have to interact. Trying to build intelligent systems without trying to understand general principles would be like trying to build an aeroplane without understanding principles of mechanics or aerodynamics. Trying to build them without studying how people or other animals work would be like trying to build machines without ever studying the properties of any naturally occurring object.The need to study general principles of thought, and the ways in which human beings perceive, think, understand language, etc., means that AI work has to be done in close collaboration with work in psychology, linguistics, and even philosophy, the discipline that examines some of the most general presuppositions of our thought and language. T he term cognitive science can also be used to cover the full range of goals specified above, though it too is ambiguous, and some of its more narrow-minded practitioners tend to restrict it to (a) and (c.1).