The Seaside - 1544 Words

THE SEASIDE How important were the natural features of the sea and sand in creating and maintaining the popularity of the seaside resorts? Whilst sitting on a huge boulder that was on the beach, looking out at the sea with the sunrise glistening off of it, the crest of the waves turning white and finally crashing on to the beach and fizzling out where we sat, I turned to my then girlfriend and said â€Å"I want to live here, by the sea†. Within two months we had moved, lock stock and barrel and were living by the sea. After another few months by the sea, and with winter coming, we packed up again and went off to some of the best beaches in the world, backpacking for a year. This is a true event in my life, so have been drawn to the sea†¦show more content†¦Because of the vast numbers of visitors to the coast, so was the seaside resort born. These were needed to house the ill and disabled people who were looking for a new lease of life, along with the houses for the people there was a need for shops, libraries entertainment venues. The volume of ill and sick folk would also need doctors to treat them, s o sprang up medical practices all over the place. The seaside town was born and never to be ignored again. The eighteenth century saw the seaside as a draw for health reasons. The nineteenth century brought about a change in the thinking of the people who went to the seaside, it was not just seen as good for the sick, but good for the healthy as well. Although the healing properties of the sea air and the sea water were still very much believed in, it was also believed that healthy people would stay healthy with a bit of sea air and fun, and so the seaside holiday was born, the more affluent middle and upper classes would have holidays by the sea for weeks at a time through the summer months. Now people were coming to the seaside to get better, they were coming for relaxation and fun, a prominent feature of most seaside towns by the end of the nineteenth century was that they had a pier, these were built to give effect of being out at sea when standing on the end, to add to the whol e seaside experience. As time rolled on, so did people’s idea of leisure, thing wereShow MoreRelatedSeaside Resorts in Todays Society1230 Words   |  5 Pagesthe weed which will finally choke it, but the moving river clears itself’ (quoted in Matless, 1998, p.88) Looking at the seaside resorts in today’s society, we find that season holidays where millions of people rush to through the summer period are associated simply with leisure and a chance to relax. The view and use of these resorts have changed over the centuries; seaside resorts have always been recreational environments although until the mid-19th century such recreations were a luxury onlyRead MoreThe Growth And Rejuvenation Of The Seaside Town Of Blackpool964 Words   |  4 PagesThe topic of the essay will look into the increase in popularity and rejuvenation of the seaside town of Blackpool in the north-west of England. Various factors played a role in the growth in popularity for visiting Blackpool. The popularity of Blackpool will be compared to the gradual decline of the destination. The destination will then be analysed to see if the area is contributing enough facilities for the rejuvenation of Blackpool. Butler s Tourism Area Lifecycle will be used to determine ifRead MoreDown by the Seaside Essay886 Words   |  4 PagesSeaside Epiphinies Sand squelched between Megan’s toes, gritty and grounding as she waded further from shore. Gentle waves lapped at her ankles, calves, knees, and she simply stared out at the blinding ribbon of pink that encompassed the final chapter of sunset. Further down shore, Megan could barely make out the gleeful squeal of over-excited vacationers, igniting smoky plumes of bonfire and living these precious few moments of sundown without a care in the world. She envied them. For her, theseRead MoreSeaside : The Development Of A Charming American Town2547 Words   |  11 Pages Jeremiah R. Blocker Final Term Paper December 3, 2013 Seaside: The Development of a Charming American Town There is a movement among architects, city planners, designers and real estate developers that desire to return to a simpler way of living. A way of designing communities that at its essence captures the design traditions of years past while also avoiding some of the pitfalls of modern city development. A desire exists to avoid the prefabricated homes and endless urban sprawl of stripRead MoreNew Urbanism in The Truman Show1194 Words   |  5 Pageslives of individual residents, but personal relations are necessary to stabilize and cause continuance of community. Once a model community of New Urbanist practitioners, Seaside, FL is now a summer village; cottages are rented to vacationers who are certainly not members of any permanent community. The value gained in Seaside is no longer a lifestyle advantage, but a financial one. While New Urbanism is known to reject suburban sprawl and is intent on reinventing traditional community developmentRead MoreThe people around us make experiences great and unforgettable. I was oblivious to this fact before800 Words   |  4 Pagestrip for three weeks. In the past, I always traveled with my parents. They were all great vacations but they were not planned or controlled by me. It was all up to my mom. This time, however, I was the one who found the opportunity to go to the seaside with a group of young people and spend 21 days there. My parents were happy to let me go on this trip; as they also saw it as an exciting opportunity. It was up to me to plan it all on my own. I learned about the surroundings of the area I was toRead Morebutler model1533 Words   |  7 PagesButler Model? Figure 11 Weston-super-Mare is a popular seaside resort town located in the county of Somerset, England on the Bristol Channel coast. It is the largest settlement in the North West. Weston-super- Mare has a population of 69,696 People living in households and 2,062 people living in communal establishments; 71, 758 in total.2 Due to the development of the railway between local towns and cities it became a popular seaside resort in the 19th century. In this field report I will beRead MoreEssay on seaside convalescent care center1545 Words   |  7 Pagesï » ¿ Seaside Convalescent Care Center Case Study Atchison (2003) wrote about this process in his book Followership. He describes followership as complementary to leadership and recommends that it be recognized as a necessary component for an effective leader. A self-absorbed administrator will not make a good leader. A true leader will recognize the importance of getting respect, not simply compliance, from the people who follow. It is one thing to have people do whatRead MoreIntroduction to Tourism and Travel1872 Words   |  8 Pagesgradually replaced by the seaside resort. The sea water became associated with health benefits. The earliest visitors therefore drank it and did not bathe in it. By the early eighteenth century, small fishing resorts sprung up in England for visitors who drank and immersed themselves in sea water. With the overcrowding of inland spas, the new sea side resorts grew in popularity. The introduction of steamboat services in 19th century introduced more resorts in the circuit. The seaside resort gradually becameRead MoreConcepts Associated with Tourism Developments in Blackpool Essay4167 Words   |  17 Pagesto the type of holidays being bought in the 1950’s. With regards to Blackpool, effects were not seen until the end of the 1980’ when numbers began to fall to present day numbers, which are about half of what they used to be. Blackpool is a seaside resort located on the North West Coast of England. It is in an almost ideal location for tourism in the UK, and is also very accessible. If travelling by road, The M55, which runs right into the centre of the resort, is a direct link from the M6 and

Invasion of the Body Snatchers and Harris Burgerron Essay Free Essays

Invasion of the Body Snatchers. Dir. Don Siegel. We will write a custom essay sample on Invasion of the Body Snatchers and Harris Burgerron Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now Prod. Walter Wanger. Perf. Kevin McCarthy, Dana Wynter, Larry Gates, King Donovan, Carolyne Jones. Allied Artist Picture Corporation, 1956. Film. , has much egalitarianism meaning as  Vonnegut, Kurt. â€Å"Harris Bergeron†. N. p. : Magazine of Fantasy and Science Fiction, 1961. Print. These two great stories show us how the Cold War era was a time  when people would do anything to prevent themselves from being part of something they don’t want to be, for example, being a communist. During the Cold War Era, propaganda was displayed through the United States. With the message conveying that living under a communist country was a horrible thing. A few failed to recognize the threat, and fell to communism by betraying their country. But for the most part, the minds of Americans where set on stopping communism from spreading, and eventually getting rid of it at all costs. In The Invasion of the Body Snatchers, Dr. Hill, played by Kevin McCarthy, took on the role of warning other people what is happening in the town of Santa Mira, California. Resisting to fall asleep at all cost. Eventually getting to his goal of warning other people what horrible things that are to come if they don’t take action against the Body Snatchers. In â€Å"Harrison Burgeron†, by Vonnegut Kurt, Harrison Bergeron was a complete failure according to his egalitarist government. Wanting freedom for everyone, he tries to send a message to everyone how the government should really be. He takes off the restraints of musicians, a ballerina, and himself on live television. Showing that freedom to do what what you want, and showing the best you can do at something, is the way to live. While doing so Harrison was killed during his attempt to set and show the example to other people how they should live. He was killed by Diana moon Glamopers, the Handicapper General there were a set of laws, the 211th, 12th, and the 213th Amendments to the Constitution required the people to be the same. But Harrison shows we cannot live this way. How to cite Invasion of the Body Snatchers and Harris Burgerron Essay, Essays

Human Resources NDSA Training

Question: Discuss about the Human Resources for NDSA Training. Answer: Introduction A survey has been conducted among the ABC Company employees and managers about the NDSA training. Most of the employees seem to be in favor of NDSA. Analysis of feedback and survey results The survey results shows that the employees of ABC are strongly agree or agree that the training provided by NDSA was success. About 70% of the employees agree that the implementation of the performance appraisals helped to determine their objectives clearly. The survey result show positive feedback from the employee on all the aspects of training, education, progress towards their goals and acquiring appropriate knowledge and skills. The employees are very much satisfied with the knowledge and training provided by the trainers. Therefore, it shows that positive feedback about the training and supporting the staffs to achieve their goals. Recommended changes and improvements The changes that are recommended seem to be depicting in the activities that are carried out during the training program of NDSA. In the organization NDSA, the training services conducted must be carried out according to the reforms made regarding the issues depicted. It thereby also helps in formulating the future training services with making changes in the rules and the regulations of the service regarding the system and the process followed for the technique (Boxall and Purcell 2008). Henceforth the future changes depict the enhancement of the organization and thereby it also focuses on the development of the organization with the plan being implemented appropriately with the recommended changes. It thereby also helps in including the reflection on the job descriptions. Return on investment The survey result show positive feedback and clearly shows that the candidates are very much satisfied with the training program. The return on investment shows that the candidates are satisfied and helped them to achieve their goals. The training provided to students on how will improve the recruitment process that will increase return on investment. The NDSA provided effective training with safety and health programs that will decrease accidents and improved return on investment. The training provided to candidates will increase their efficiency and increase in knowledge and skills. All the candidates agreed with the survey question as well as some of them were strongly agreed that the training by NDSA is perfect and helpful to them. As per the students the NDSA professional are competent to provide the training. Moreover, the candidates want that the contract with NDSA for the training must be renewal. Ongoing feedback HR has detected that the information technology is a powerful tool to obtain future feedback. Thus, in near future the ABC Company will want to achieve feedback in the websites of the company. In the survey feedback it can be perceived that there are maximum numbers of the employees are satisfied with the training sessions provided by the NDSA and in favor of the renewal of the contract with the NDSA. Legislation The company is committed to maintain the privacy and confidentiality of the employees who take participation is survey as well as the company is legally obliged to the Privacy act 1988. Change processes for the HR option The change process for the HR options provides the overview of the framework depicted for the training process. It thereby depicts the changes in the communication process related problems, inappropriate execution of the training programs etc. are seemed to be mitigated with the creation of awareness regarding the training program (Herod 2009). Advanced processes are carried out by HR in order to detect the issues immediately for making the changes in the organization. HR services The services depict the implementation plan with the consideration of necessity changes which can be made to the organization for the betterment of the organization. It depicts the response with are created with the enhancement of the process that are depicted in this case. Henceforth the case seems to be depicted in this case and thereby the appropriate roles are the services are carried out by the policies which are depicted in the organization of NDSA (Kabene 2011). Conclusion The survey result shows that the employees are satisfied with the training provided by NDSA. The training program conducted by NDSA was a success. Therefore, it supports the human resource process of ABC. The training provided to employees increases their ability to work efficiently and helping the company to achieve their objectives. References Armstrong, Michael and Michael Armstrong. 2009.Armstrong's Handbook Of Human Resource Management Practice. London: Kogan Page. Baker, Helen. 2007.Employee Training. Chandni Chowk, Delhi: Global Media. Fitz-enz, Jac. 2010.The New HR Analytics. New York: AMACOM. Noe, Raymond A. 2008.Employee Training And Development. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill/Irwin. Albrecht, Maryann H,International HRM(Blackwell Publishers, 2001) Jones, Rod and Sandra Martain,HRM Fundamentals(HRVET, 2013) Morley, Michael and David G Collings,Contemporary Databases And New Directions In HRM In Mncs(Emerald Group Pub., 2004) Paauwe, J, David Guest and Patrick M Wright,HRM And Performance(Wiley, 2013) Boxall, Peter F and John Purcell. 2008.Strategy And Human Resource Management. New York: Palgrave Macmillan. Herod, Roger. 2009.Managing The International Assignment Process. Alexandria, VA: Society for Human Resource Management. Kabene, Stefane M. 2011.Human Resources In Healthcare, Health Informatics And Healthcare Systems. Hershey, Pa.: Medical Information Science Reference. Murray, John A, Constantinos Markides, and Robert Galavan. 2008.Strategy, Innovation, And Change. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Question Could assessment of purchase behaviour h Essays - Bacteria

Question: Could assessment of purchase behaviour help to identify the contaminated food commodity? Introduction to the case Most cases occurred in elderly males. June 2009 to January 2010 Signicance of the case The main route of transmission is known to be through consumption of contaminated food. However, infection can also (in very rare cases) be transmitted directly from infected animals to humans. The bacterium is particularly successful in causing foodborne disease, because it survives food processing technologies that rely on acidic or salty conditions, and, unlike many other pathogens, can continue to multiply slowly at low temperatures, allowing growth even in properly refrigerated foods Regulatory aspects -EU Directive 2073/2005. -Regulation states that L. monocytogenes must be absent from food, but can be present up to a limit of 100 CFU/g if the physicochemical prole of a food commodity prevents growth (the bacteria must not exceed 100 CFU/g food at the end of shelf-life; Anonymous, 2006). Since listeriosis is usually caused by a higher number of L. monocytogenes (10 5 CFU/g), the search began for a food item that fosters growth and that is predominantly eaten by elderly persons. smoked sh products, soft cheeses and cooked sausages What made outbreak investigations difcult? incubation period of listeriosis in humans can be up to 70 days, the outbreak pattern is quite scattered foodstuffs have usually been eaten or already thrown away before an outbreak investigation starts. -Collected grocery receipts of purchases made by seven patients in December 2009, and screened them for a common food item. -The survey of the purchase behaviour allowed us to generate a hypothesis that was then tested by a case-control study using case-case comparisons. - Patients were asked about consumption of 12 cheese products in the six-month period prior to disease onset. - Persons in the control group were requested to provide information on consumption of the same products and a parameter called the odds ratio' was computed Resolution and outcomes Clinical dynamics -Median age of the cases was 72 years (range: 57-89 years), and 26 patients were male. There were no materno-neonatal(-) cases. Prevalence of underlying disease in the case group was not different from the prevalence of underlying disease in the control group. Contamination rates of samples and recalled lots of Quargel Three out of 16 L. monocytogenes positive lots showed a contamination rate of 100 CFU/g at the beginning of the shelf-life when stored at 4 C. Nevertheless, by increasing the storage time or the storage temperature (15 C, 22 C) the contamination rate could be raised to 10. In general, storage at 4 C resulted in an average of 5.6 log units, a signicantly minor contamination rate compared with storage at 15 C or 22 C with mean log values of 7.2 and 6.8, respectively. Lower storage temperatures are supposed to slow down bacterial growth and may restrict amounts to non-harmful doses. This was not the case in this outbreak. Although there was an overall higher variation in the samples stored at 4 C than in samples kept at 15 C or 22 C, and even though the mean values differed signicantly, maximum levels were similar. This nding indicates a high potential for growth even when Quargel is stored at 4 C At-site contamination scenarios An environmental L. monocytogenes 1/2a isolate from the suspect production plant, from a gully (drainage pit) sample collected in December 2009, became available on 19 January 2010 and proved indistinguishable from the outbreak strain by genotyping. Commentary and personal reections -majority of outbreak investigations do not found the source. - The outbreak dynamics show clearly that a decline in case numbers does not necessarily imply that the underlying problem has disappeared. - a L. monocytogenes isolate from an environmental sample taken by the quality manager in the facility in May 2009 was the rst evidence of a contamination problem. - We hypothesize that L. monocytogenes was introduced into the plant during major construction work. -From 23 February 2009 until 27 May 2009, a ripening room in direct proximity to the central production facility was remodeled, and this coincides with the time of the rst documented detection of L. monocytogenes in a smear sample, allegedly after years of no microbiological proof of L. monocytogenes in the facility. - This nding emphasizes the unequivocal need for implementing a self-control system capable of detecting contamination -This strong recommendation becomes

Free Essays on Holograms And Holography

I. Introduction Holograms are objects that exist in a two dimensional state, but can be perceived by the human eyes to be in a three dimensional state. They make you want to reach out and touch it, but only come to find this two dimensional object. This is the entire purpose of a hologram, to convince the human eye that there is an object where one does not exist. Holograms have been a known technology for a while, but understanding how they work is a whole other story. You hold a hologram up to yourself and look at it thinking, â€Å"Am I seeing things?....Is someone pulling a Jedi Mind Trick on me?†¦.Is there really an object there?† How is this possible? This paper will cover how this is possible and various other aspects of holography. II. Creating Holograms A. The Idea Holograms are kept on a holographic film sheets. This film is similar to regular photography film, only with special properties in its chemical make up that allow multiple different angle patterns to be recorded onto the film. The film does not record light waves. If it recorded light waves, then it would be nothing more than photographic film. What is of interest about this hologram film is collecting interference patterns of light. After this pattern of interference is recorded onto the film it can be called a hologram. The film acts like a lens after it has been developed with the interference pattern of the object you want to create a hologram of. This lens stores the information about the object like the data stored on a computer, except in this case it is stored as a pattern of interference on the film. When light is passed through this â€Å"lens† it uses a process of diffraction upon the recorded interference pattern to reproduce the object recorded. This eff ect can be achieved by either reflecting light from the surface of the film, or shining light through the film from the opposite side. Metallic films require that you reflect the lig... Free Essays on Holograms And Holography Free Essays on Holograms And Holography I. Introduction Holograms are objects that exist in a two dimensional state, but can be perceived by the human eyes to be in a three dimensional state. They make you want to reach out and touch it, but only come to find this two dimensional object. This is the entire purpose of a hologram, to convince the human eye that there is an object where one does not exist. Holograms have been a known technology for a while, but understanding how they work is a whole other story. You hold a hologram up to yourself and look at it thinking, â€Å"Am I seeing things?....Is someone pulling a Jedi Mind Trick on me?†¦.Is there really an object there?† How is this possible? This paper will cover how this is possible and various other aspects of holography. II. Creating Holograms A. The Idea Holograms are kept on a holographic film sheets. This film is similar to regular photography film, only with special properties in its chemical make up that allow multiple different angle patterns to be recorded onto the film. The film does not record light waves. If it recorded light waves, then it would be nothing more than photographic film. What is of interest about this hologram film is collecting interference patterns of light. After this pattern of interference is recorded onto the film it can be called a hologram. The film acts like a lens after it has been developed with the interference pattern of the object you want to create a hologram of. This lens stores the information about the object like the data stored on a computer, except in this case it is stored as a pattern of interference on the film. When light is passed through this â€Å"lens† it uses a process of diffraction upon the recorded interference pattern to reproduce the object recorded. This eff ect can be achieved by either reflecting light from the surface of the film, or shining light through the film from the opposite side. Metallic films require that you reflect the lig...

Profile of Major General Smedley Butler

Profile of Major General Smedley Butler Major General Smedley Butler was a decorated war veteran. He is best known for serving in the Carribean and abroad during World War I. Early Life Smedley Butler was born in West Chester, PA on July 30, 1881, to Thomas and Maud Butler. Raised in the area, Butler initially attended West Chester Friends Graded High School before moving on to the prestigious Haverford School. While enrolled at Haverford, Butlers father was elected to the US House of Representatives. Serving in Washington for thirty-one years, Thomas Butler would later provide political cover for his sons military career. A gifted athlete and a good student, the younger Butler elected to leave Haverford in mid-1898 to take part in the Spanish-American War. Joining the Marines Though his father wished him to remain in school, Butler was able to obtain a direct commission as a second lieutenant in the US Marine Corps. Ordered to the Marine Barracks in Washington, DC for training, he then joined the Marine Battalion, North Atlantic Squadron and took part in operations around Guantnamo Bay, Cuba. With the withdrawal of the Marines from the area later in the year, Butler served aboard USS New York until being discharged on February 16, 1899. His separation from the Corps proved short as he was able to secure a first lieutenants commission in April. In the Far East Ordered to Manila, Philippines, Butler took part in the Philippine-American War. Bored by garrison life, he welcomed the opportunity to experience combat later that year. Leading a force against the Insurrecto-held town of Noveleta in October, he succeeded in driving off the enemy and securing the area. In the wake of this action, Butler was tattooed with a large Eagle, Globe, and Anchor which covered his entire chest. Befriending Major Littleton Waller, Butler was selected to join him as part of a Marine company on Guam. En route, Wallers force was detoured to China to aid in putting down the Boxer Rebellion. Arriving in China, Butler took part in the Battle of Tientsin on July 13, 1900. In the fighting, he was hit in the leg while trying to rescue another officer. Despite his wound, Butler assisted the officer to the hospital. For his performance at Tientsin, Butler received a brevet promotion to captain. Returning to action, he was grazed in the chest during fighting near San Tan Pating. Returning the United States in 1901, Butler spent two years serving ashore and aboard various vessels. In 1903, while stationed in Puerto Rico, he was ordered to aid in protecting American interests during a revolt in Honduras. The Banana Wars Moving along the Honduran coast, Butlers party rescued the American consul in Trujillo. Suffering from a tropical fever during the campaign, Butler received the nickname Old Gimlet Eye due to his constantly bloodshot eyes. Returning home, he married Ethel Peters on June 30, 1905. Ordered back to the Philippines, Butler saw garrison duty around Subic Bay. In 1908, now a major, he was diagnosed with having a nervous breakdown (possibly post-traumatic stress disorder) and was sent back to the United States for nine months to recover. During this period Butler tried his hand at coal mining but found it not to his liking. Returning to the Marines, he received command of 3rd Battalion, 1st Regiment on the Isthmus of Panama in 1909. He remained in the area until being ordered to Nicaragua in August 1912. Commanding a battalion, he took part in the bombardment, assault, and capture of Coyotepe in October. In January 1914, Butler was directed to join Rear Admiral Frank Fletcher off the coast of Mexico to monitor military activities during the Mexican Revolution. In March, Butler, posing as a railroad executive, landed in Mexico and scouted the interior. As the situation continued to worsen, American forces landed at Veracruz on April 21. Leading the Marine contingent, Butler directed their operations through two days of fighting before the city was secured. For his actions, he was awarded the Medal of Honor. The following year, Butler led a force from USS Connecticut ashore on Haiti after a revolution threw the country into chaos. Winning several engagements with the Haitian rebels, Butler won a second Medal of Honor for his capture of Fort Rivià ¨re. In doing so, he became one of only two Marines to win the medal twice, the other being Dan Daly. World War I With the US entry into World War I in April 1917, Butler, now a lieutenant colonel, began lobbying for a command in France. This failed to materialize as some of his key superiors deemed him unreliable despite his stellar record. On July 1, 1918, Butler received a promotion to colonel and command of the 13th Marine Regiment in France. Though he worked to train the unit, they did not see combat operations. Promoted to brigadier general in early October, he was directed to oversee Camp Pontanezen at Brest. A key debarkation point for American troops, Butler distinguished himself by improving conditions in the camp. Postwar For his work in France, Butler received the Distinguished Service Medal from both the US Army and US Navy. Arriving home in 1919, he took command of Marine Corps Base Quantico, Virginia and over the next five years worked to make what had been a wartime training camp into a permanent base. In 1924, at the request of President Calvin Coolidge and Mayor W. Freeland Kendrick, Butler took a leave from the Marines to serve as Director of Public Safety for Philadelphia. Assuming oversight of the citys police and fire departments, he tirelessly worked to end corruption and enforce Prohibition. Though effective, Butlers military-style methods, impolitic comments, and aggressive approach began to wear thin with the public and his popularity began to drop. Though his leave was extended for a second year, he frequently clashed with Mayor Kendrick and elected to resign and return to the Marines Corps in late 1925. After briefly commanding the Marine Corps Base at San Diego, CA, he embarked for China in 1927. Over the next two years, Butler commanded the 3rd Marine Expeditionary Brigade. Working to protect American interests, he successfully dealt with rival Chinese warlords and leaders. Returning to Quantico in 1929, Butler was promoted to major general. Resuming his task of making the base the showplace of the Marines, he worked to increase the publics awareness of the corps by taking his men on long marches and re-enacting Civil War battles such as Gettysburg. On July 8, 1930, the Commandant of the Marines Corps, Major General Wendell C. Neville, died. Though tradition called for the senior general to temporarily fill the post, Butler was not appointed. Though considered for the permanent position of command  and supported by notables such as Lieutenant General John Lejeune, Butlers controversial track record along with ill-timed public comments regarding Italian dictator Benito Mussolini saw Major General Ben Fuller receive the post instead. Retirement Rather than continue in the Marine Corps, Butler filed for retirement and left the service on October 1, 1931. A popular lecturer while with the Marines, Butler began speaking to various groups fulltime. In March 1932, he announced that he would run for the US Senate from Pennsylvania. An advocate of Prohibition, he was defeated in the 1932 Republican primary. Later that year, he publically supported the Bonus Army protesters who sought early payment of the service certificates issued by the World War Adjusted Compensation Act of 1924. Continuing to lecture, he increasingly focused his speeches against war profiteering and American military intervention abroad. The themes of these lectures formed the basis for his 1935 work War Is a Racket which outlined the connections between war and business. Butler continued to speak on these topics and his views of fascism in the US through the 1930s. In June 1940, Butler entered the Philadelphia Naval Hospital after being ill for several weeks. On June 20, Butler died of cancer and was buried at Oaklands Cemetery in West Chester, PA.

The Uses and Abuses of Nationalism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The Uses and Abuses of Nationalism - Essay Example The religious systems influenced the way commerce and trade has been done since the ancient times. During the 17th Century, there was a disagreement in establishing what was right according to the religious beliefs at the time. A rift had emerged between the Protestants and the Catholics, leading to the northern European nations’ interest in â€Å"trade and commerce† (896). The transition from Catholicism to Protestant among many Europeans created a transformation in commerce. Watson says, â€Å"New mercantile classes were replacing the traditional military and landowning aristocracies as the main political force.† (896).This demonstrates the influence of religion on trade and commerce during the ancient times. However, the influence of religious systems has continued to be minimal with time. In the modern day society, the input of the religious systems in matters of commerce and trade is almost inexistent. The change has been characterized by religious tolerance and freedom of religion as enshrined in the bill of rights. Colonization helped shape trade and commerce in the European countries as well as those of their colonies. Courtesy of British colonization, America sprung to become a giant economy partly because most of the individuals who embarked on building the country had a great background. Watson supports this argument by mentioning that, â€Å"Britain had her American colonies†¦ she had emerged as the most powerful of the maritime nations† (897). Some of the Britain’s benefits came from the trade and taxes that were levied on its colonies, an aspect that facilitated the growth of the economy. Slavery was a key component of economic growth, in an attempt to maintain supremacy and high economic output western countries pioneered by Portugal engaged in slave trade. It began around 1444 despite criticism from several quarters, especially from key

Demographic Decline, Black death, and the Ottoman Turks Essay

Demographic Decline, Black death, and the Ottoman Turks - Essay Example The worst illness to strike during this time was the Black Death or the bubonic plague. Fleas that arrived in Europe from Asia spread this disease. Most people that contracted the disease died, leading to population decline. The Ottoman Turks played a peripheral role in the history of Western Europe. The loss of the Byzantine Empire and a Christian lineage stretching back to the Emperor Constantine was more psychological than anything else. Trade continued to flow through Constantinople, now called Istanbul. The Turks did press into areas in Southeastern European areas such as Bosnia, Herzegovina, Serbia and Morea. This provides much of the ethnic tension still present in the Balkan region to this day. But most of the Turkish expansion was Southwest into the lands of the Arabian Peninsula. After they captured the holy cities of Mecca and Medina, the Ottoman Turks importance was elevated throughout the Muslim world. The Ottoman Turks were important in Western European history as a peripheral

Iraq and Palestine Essay Example for Free

Iraq and Palestine Essay Since 2003, after the four devastating years of Iraq invasion, Bill Moyers’ journal on â€Å"Buying the War† stabbed to grasp the mainstream US media held responsible for its connivance in advertising the ‘war on Iraq’ to the public of US. Moyers recognized how the US media, with the main role of ‘The New York Times’, yielded to fiscal and political stress, gave ways to an environment of nationalism and trepidation of terrorism, and naively reported bogus US government assertions. Sadly, despite all the terrible results of 60 years of Israelis bullying the Palestinians, there is still no major movement to grab the US mainstream media held answerable for an equivalent, incredible failure in covering Israelis and Palestinians conflict and for its involvement in the U. S. naive backing for Israel. Moyers’ study of the US media breakdown on Iraq was costly, yet imperfect. He elucidated that to instigate the assault on Iraq â€Å"high officials†¦ needed a compliant press, to pass on their propaganda as news and cheer them on. our press largely surrendered its independence and skepticism to join with our government in marching to war. † Bob Simon of CBS put in plain words to Moyers that the U. S. administration used selling skills to put up war for sale: â€Å"Just repeat it and repeat it and repeat it†¦ Keep that drumming going. † Media columnist Norman Solomon informed Moyers that he thought these [news] managers were scared stiff of being called yielding on terrorism. Moyers gave many instances of ‘The New York Times’ conveying fake shrewdness on Iraq to the public of US. However, still Moyers stated that the now villainous ‘neoconservatives’ had long sought to change the Middle East, starting with the exclusion of Saddam Hussein, Moyers passed over a central reason for why the administration’s case for war echoed with both the US media as well as public. It was based in broadly-held typecasts about Arabs, Muslims and the Middle East, statements which are also necessary to realize US policy in Israel and Palestine. In his classic 1978 book â€Å"Orientalism†, Palestinian-American scholar Edward Sa’id asserted: The Western understanding of Arabs, Muslims and the Middle East is a product of colonialism, and that Westerners outlook the East as innately substandard and reliant on salvation. The US case for ‘war in Iraq’ hinged on orientalists statements that the Middle East was an undistinguished province of Arabs and Muslims who, lacking any history account or valid complaints, are overcome by an illogically aggressive nature as well as loathing of the West, Israel,’ freedom and democracy’ (Edward Sa’id 1978). Though Moyers didn’t, the neo-cons repeatedly sketched the relationship between Iraq and Israel, stating: â€Å"The way towards Jerusalem crosses Baghdad†. And in Israel, the other main settlement in â€Å"the war on terror,† chauvinistic philosophy and politically spoiled intelligence are also hard-pressed by the administration and gullibly reported by US media channels like ‘The New York Times’ – as, an April 11, 2007 Times news article by Isabel Kershner titled improvable assertions by Israel’s Shin Bet that it had disenchanted a huge Hamas suicide-bombing planned for Passover. The article mainly overlooked Palestinian rebuffs reported on the same day in the Israeli paper Ha’aretz Daily. The Shin Bet assertion appeared to value uncertainty considering the Palestinian refutations and Hamas’ verdict two years ago to stop the progress of sweeping attacks. Certainly, Hamas’ implication on such a huge-scale bombing plan would have approached at a fitting moment for Israel. Following the 16 months throughout which 27 Israelis were murdered by Palestinians, the lowest sum in over 6 years, Israel is thrashing about to stop the breakup of the global boycott of the Hamas-led Palestinian Authority and to see off continual peace proposals from the Palestinian Authority, Syria, Saudi Arabia and the Arab League. The Israeli administration has been feeding the media narratives saying that the calm is a trick, which Hamas is making use of it to support and prepare invasions and that Israel will then be enforced to rise a major attack of Gaza soon. The Times has published at least 4 other articles rumbling these Israeli administration claims since March 2007 .

Medicine During the Civil War Essay -- essays research papers fc

Medicine During the Civil War 1861-1865   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  When Walt Whitman wrote that he believed the â€Å"real war† would never get into the books, this is the side he was talking about (Belferman 1996). Yet, it is important that we remember and recall the medical side of the conflict too, as horrible and terrifying as it was (Adams 1952). Long before doctors and people knew anything about bacteria and what caused disease was the time of Civil War medicine. Doctors during the Civil War (always referred to as â€Å"surgeons†) were incredibly unprepared. Most surgeons had as little as two years of medical school because very few pursued further education. At that time, Harvard Medical School did not even own a single stethoscope or microscope until well after the war. Most Civil War surgeons had never treated a gun shot wound because they were accustomed to treating minor head colds and sore throats. Many had never performed surgery or even held a scalpel. Medical boards let extremely unqualified students practice medicine due to much needed help for wounded soldiers on the battlefield. â€Å"Some ten thousand surgeons served in the Union and about four thousand served in the Southern Confederacy (Cunningham 1958).†   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  By far, the deadliest thing that faced the Civil War soldier was disease and infection. For every soldier who died in battle, two died of disease (Cunningham 1958). Among the long list of terminal and fatal diseases that plagued the battlefield as well as the operating table and hospitals were dysentery (a severe form of diarrhea which was very common among the soldiers), measles, small pox, malaria, pneumonia, and â€Å"camp itch† which was caused by skin disease and insects. Malaria was usually brought on by camping in damp areas, where mosquitos were prone to. There were many factors that came into play which explained why disease spread so rapidly. Among the explanations were as follows: inadequate physicals before entering the Army, the fact many troops came from rural areas, neglect of camp hygiene, insects and rodents in the area, exposure to other infected individuals, lack of clothing and shoes, and poor conditions of food and water. Many unqualifi ed recruits entered the Army and diseases cruelly weeded out those who should have been excluded by physical exams prior to recruiting (Shildt 1986).   Ã‚  &... .... The many men and women, North and South, who served in the hospital and sanitary services during the war were proud of their achievements (Adams 1861-1865). The morbidity and mortality rates of both armies showed marked improvement over those of other 19th century wars. The physicians and sanitarians held down the disease fatalities to levels that their generation considered more than reasonable. It was a gruesome business for doctors and patients alike; yet without the doctors and nurses in blue and gray, much of the young manhood of America at mid century might not have survived for the work of rebuilding. (Adams 1861-1865) Works Cited Adams, George W. Doctors In Blue,†Medical History of the Union† Baton Rouge:University of Louisiana Press, 1952 Belferman, Mary â€Å"On Surgery’s Cutting Edge in the Civil War† The Washington Post, June 13, 1996 Cunningham, H.H. Doctors in Gray, Baton Rouge: University of Louisiana Press, 1958 Coco, Gregory A. A Strange and Blighted Land-Gettysburg, The Aftermath, 1995 Schildt, John W. Hunter Homes McGuire:Doctor in Gray, 1986 Adams, George W. â€Å"Fighting for Time† The National Historical Society’s-The Image of War 1861-1865 Volume IV

Thirty Minutes Later: Are You Smarter Yet?

Each and every night millions upon millions of people turn on their televisions and tune in to their favorite programs. Most people think that this behavior is perfectly normal and that nothing is either exceptionally good or detrimentally bad about doing so. Others actually think that watching television can and sometimes does make you smarter. I feel that the general statement â€Å"tv makes you smarter† is not specific enough when talking about such an issue. I think that some television programs can help you gain some knowledge but I do not believe that all television makes you smarter.So, does watching television make you smarter, dumber, or does it have no affect at all? In Steven Johnson’s essay â€Å"Watching TV Makes You Smarter† he argues that watching television â€Å"alters the mental development of young people for the better (291)†. Meaning that when young people watch television it can aide in the development of their minds. In a nutshell, h e is saying that watching television can actually make a person smarter. In his essay, Johnson uses the popular show 24 to support his claim. He states that â€Å"to make sense of an episode of 24 you have to pay attention, make inferences, and track social relationships†(279).Johnson refers to this as part of what he calls the Sleeper Curve. Johnson believes that the Sleeper Curve is the single most important new force altering the mental development of young people today, and it is largely a force for good†(279). He agrees that the media may indeed contain more negative messages but he doesn't think that is the only way to evaluate whether our television shows are having a positive impact or not. In one part of his essay, Johnson compares the intellectual strain of watching shows like Frasier, and The Mary Tyler Moore Show to the physical strain of watching Monday Night Football.With that comparison he is basically saying that the viewer doesn't have to think about th e content of the show in order to follow the storyline the same way a person doesn't have to actually play football in order to enjoy a game. Throughout his essay, Johnson even goes as far as to say that even â€Å"bad† television has gotten better. To validate this point he talks about Joe Millionaire and The Apprentice.He discusses how in order how in order to win the show contestants had to overcome certain obstacles, figure out â€Å"weak spots† in the game, and use everything they learned to complete the last  challenge which usually contained a twist. This goes to say that on the surface it may seem like these shows are easy to follow but they contain surprises that may interrupt what the viewer thought was going to happen. Johnson states that â€Å"traditional narrative also trigger emotional connections to the characters† (291). He explains this by talking about the largely popular show Survivor, and how because our emotions are involved it becomes eas y to vote someone off the island as opposed to someone else.I think that only certain types of television shows makes you smarter, so part of me agrees with Steven Johnson’s argument. I think that people can learn things from certain kinds of shows. When a person watches show on the Food Network, the person will most likely learn how to prepare a new dish, or improve upon a technique that they are having trouble with. Another example would be when children watch â€Å"Dora the Explorer†. Some people might only see a show like this as way to keep children quiet and occupied.What they would realize if they actually sat down and watched an episode or two is that children can earn many things like; shapes, colors, numbers, letters and even some Spanish, all within the thirty minute runtime of the show. There may be some sitcoms or reality shows out there that you can learn from but I have yet to find one that I learned a lesson from. The reason I don't fully agree with his argument that television makes you smarter is because I think only certain types of shows make you smarter. I think in his essay he is referring to all television shows and genres.I think he is referring to all genres in his argument because he doesn’t say that any specific genre or show is excluded. I don't think a person can learn anything from a football game, or an episode of Family Guy because, in my opinion, these shows have the sole purpose of entertaining the people that watch them. Family Guy is an animated series about a family and all of the crazy situations they get themselves in to. By the way, one member of the family is a talking baby. In Dana Stevens’ essay, Thinking Outside the Idiot Box, she blatantly disagrees with Johnson.She even goes as far as to mock him saying, â€Å"If watching television really make you smarter, as Steven Johnson argued in an article†¦ then I guess I need to watch a lot more television†¦because†¦I could make n o sense of Johnson’s piece†(295). I think this comment used logos because she is saying that since she wasn’t able to understand Johnson’s argument maybe she doesn’t watch enough television. Of course this comment was a sarcastic one. In order to make this point clearer she references the popular children’s show Teletubbies, saying that it is â€Å"essentially a tutorial instructing toddlers the basics of vegging out† (Stevens 296).She thinks that the show 24 teaches you nothing except to watch further episodes of the show. Stevens also states that Johnson’s claim for television as a tool for brain enhancement seems deeply and hilariously bogus (297). So, clearly Stevens is a part of the group of people that do not think television makes you smarter. I don’t think Stevens is totally watching television. I think instead she is against people watching television all the time and thinking it will make them smarter. She think s that adults should monitor the amount of television they watch, the same way they monitor the number f alcoholic drinks they consume at a bar.Stevens ends her essay by giving readers a way to test Johnson’s theory: â€Å"National Television Turnoff Week† (298). Even if the participant’s IQ doesn’t drop from not watching television, it would still give people’s minds a break from watching television and give them the opportunity to tune back in with real people, real problems, and real life. She also mentions a handheld device that can switch off any television set within twenty to twenty-five feet. The difference between this remote and any other remote already on the market is that this remote would have the ability to control all television sets within its radius.Like with any new technology there are both proponents and opponents. Proponents think that this device will restore peace and calmness to public places such as airports and bus statio ns. Opponents think this just another way for people to try to control their lives. I think the device is very invasive and controlling. If people want to watch television for twenty-four hours straight, they are adults and they should be able to do that. This device relates to the debate about television because people that think television is watched too much would want this remote to be used.But for people that think television is useful as well as entertaining, the use of this device would seem like an invasion of privacy. I am personally on the fence of this issue. I think some television programs have educational value. I also think people should watch less television, and perhaps pick up a book- which are proven to make you smarter. I think shows such as Wheel of Fortune, Family Feud, and Who Wants to Be a Millionaire make you smarter because you can’t help but immerse yourself in the show and try to get the answers right.Even if you get the answers wrong, or never use the information you gained, you sill learned something. On the other hand, I don’t think reality television shows can teach you anything at all. Think of your favorite reality show, now take a few seconds to make a mental list of the things you have learned from watching that show. If you can think of anything at all, the list is probably very short. This is ok because the sole purpose of television is not to educate people. I think television is supposed to be watched for entertainment purposes.If you were to take a poll of the television shows people watch on a regular basis, most of the answers would probably be; Scandal, Teen Mom, and NCIS. These shows I would have to say contain very little to nothing to teach a person. Some shows can even encourage bad behaviors and influence people to do bad things. Let’s take the popular MTV show Teen Mom for instance; before the show first premiered, when teens would get pregnant they didn’t think it was cool, or cute, and they definitely were not posting pictures on Facebook with their pregnant friends.When teenage girls saw all of the fame the stars of the show were getting, it somehow registered in their minds that if they got pregnant at a young age they would somehow become the star of a show, get paid for it, and live a happy life. What they don’t realize until it’s too late is that most of the stuff on â€Å"reality† shows are staged and fake. One of my personal favorite shows was Jersey Shore, which was a reality show about a group of strangers living in a house together for a number of months.The show followed all of the drinking, smoking, drama, and sex that went on in that house. What young teens seemed to forget was that the people on that show were of legal drinking age that were held accountable for their own actions, so when they went out trying to mimic the cast members behavior they and their parents ended up in trouble. This supports my claim that some telev ision programs are for entertainment purposes because when things are imitated that shouldn’t be the consequences are much worse in real life than they are on the show.I also feel as though the time people spend watching television could be spent doing more productive things such as exercising, working, reading, or having and actual conversation with someone. If people sent half as much time doing things like that as they do watching and recording their favorite shows I think people would be a lot healthier and happier. In my opinion watching television is like a double-edged sword. Watching television sometimes for entertainment purposes is a good way to relax and connect with friends and family.I think the trouble happens when people become consumed with their favorite shows and totally disconnect from the real world. I admit. There have been a few times when I have been doing something and I just dropped everything because I knew the season premiere of my favorite show wou ld be starting son. But some people drop everything for every episode of their favorite show. That kind of behavior can actually hurt relationships because no one wants to be constantly tuned out by a show that will most likely come on multiple times within the next few days.I think until someone does some sort of definitive research on whether or not watching television makes a person smarter, this will be an ongoing debate. Things like remote devices that can control any television aren’t going to change people’s opinions. If anything it will only make them feel angry towards the people trying to control a part of their lives. Television just like anything else in the world has its positive and negative points. I just don’t think one of those positives is making people smarter.

Should You Speak Your Mind on an Important Point If You Know It Will Upset Your Manager

Should you speak your mind on an important point if you know it will upset your manager or should you hold back your thoughts in the name of making a good impression? Explain your answer. Response: Speaking from experience, as I am currently a consultant and have been a Fielding Director, Program Manager and a team lead as well as spending 20 years in the U. S. Navy; this question hits very close to home. I have made a living on speaking my mind and being completely honest.I am well known for always telling the truth whether it gains me something or not. However, I have learned in the last 10 years since I have retired, speaking your mind is great but there is a time and place for it. The first and foremost is don’t ever embarrass your boss. It’s ok to speak your mind but make it the correct time and place because if you embarrass your boss, even if you are correct in what you are saying, you are wrong for doing it.I have learned over the years that speaking your mind, while it may upset your boss at the beginning, if you do it with professionalism it will always work out. You also have to learn to sometimes agree to disagree. Meaning if they heard what you said but still are not going to go in the direction you feel it should go, learn to let it go. So my response is yes; it’s ok to speak your mind at the risk of upsetting your boss but learn to pick your battles and never embarrass your boss.

The Use of Listing in Composition

The Use of Listing in Composition In composition, listing is a discovery (or prewriting) strategy in which the writer develops a list of words and phrases, images and ideas. The list may be ordered or unordered. Listing can help overcome writers block and lead to the discovery, focusing, and development of a topic. In developing a list, observes Ronald T. Kellogg, [s]pecific relations to previous or subsequent ideas may or may not be noted. The order in which the ideas are placed in the list can reflect, sometimes after several attempts to build the list, the order needed for the text (The Psychology of Writing, 1994). How to Use Listing Listing is probably the simplest prewriting strategy and is usually the first method writers use to generate ideas. Listing means exactly what the name implies- listing your ideas and experiences. First set a time limit for this activity; 5-10 minutes is more than enough. Then write down as many ideas as you can without stopping to analyze any of them. . . . After you have generated your list of topics, review the list and pick one item that you might like to write about. Now youre ready for the next listing; this time, create a topic-specific list in which you write down as many ideas as you can about the one topic you have selected. This list will help you look for a focus for your...paragraph. Dont stop to analyze any of the ideas. Your goal is to free your mind, so dont worry if you feel youre rambling.(Luis Nazario, Deborah Borchers, and William Lewis, Bridges to Better Writing. Wadsworth, 2010) Example Like brainstorming, listing involves the unmonitored generation of words, phrases, and ideas. Listing offers another way of producing concepts and sources for further thought, exploration, and speculation. Listing is distinct from freewriting and brainstorming in that students generate only words and phrases, which can be classified and organized, if only in a sketchy way. Consider the case of a postsecondary academic ESL writing course in which students are first asked to develop a topic related to modern college life and then to compose a letter or editorial piece on the subject. One of the broad topics that emerged in freewriting and brainstorming sessions was The Benefits and Challenges of Being a College Student. This simple stimulus generated the following list: Benefitsindependenceliving away from homefreedom to come and golearning responsibilitynew friendsChallengesfinancial and social responsibilitiespaying billsmanaging timemaking new friendspracticing good study habits The items in this preliminary list overlap considerably. Nonetheless, such a list can offer students concrete ideas for narrowing a broad topic to a manageable scope and for selecting a meaningful direction for their writing. (Dana Ferris and John Hedgcock, Teaching ESL Composition: Purpose, Process, and Practice, 2nd ed.Lawrence Erlbaum, 2005) An Observation Chart A type of list that seems especially appropriate for poetry writing instruction is the observation chart, in which the writer makes five columns (one for each of the five senses) and lists all the sensory images associated with the topic. Composition instructor Ed Reynolds [in Confidence in Writing, 1991] writes: Its columns force you to pay attention to all of your senses, so it can help you do a more thorough, specific observation. We are accustomed to relying on our sight, but smells, tastes, sounds, and touch can sometimes give us more important information about a subject. (Tom C. Hunley, Teaching Poetry Writing: A Five-Canon Approach. Multilingual Matters, 2007) Pre-Writing Strategies ExpeditioList, Listicle, and SeriesOutline

Analysis of Investment Proposition on Cochlear Limited

Cochlear Limited is a biotechnology-based company with listings in the Australian Securities Exchange and global operations in all five continents. CEO Chris Smith heads the company with its board of directors headed by Chairman Rick Holiday-Smith (Cochlear.com. 2016). Cochlear Limited provides hearing solutions through its implantable surgical and non-surgical hearing products. The company has extensive sets of patents and applications numbering over 1000 upon hearing aid and sound processing technology. The company’s major manufacturing base is located in Australia and Sweden while supplies and distribution chains in over 100 countries with its headquarters located in Sydney (Cochlear.com. 2016). The company’s global operations are mainly segmented onto three different sets of geographical areas comprising of Europe, Middle East and Africa (EMEA), Americas (both North America and Latin America) and Asia Pacific. The company generated a revenue of A$ 925 million for th e financial period ended 31.12.2016 (Markets.ft.com. 2016).   The company provides solutions ranging from minimal degree of hearing constraints to sensory-neural hearing loss. Its primary products comprises of cochlear implants, bone conduction implants and acoustic implant solutions. In terms of its products that are to be surgically implanted, Nuclear 6 is of primary significance owing to its ability to restore hear-ability in cases of complete hearing loss in both ears. The Cochlear Hybrid offered by the company provides hearing solutions for people unable to hear high frequency sounds through providing simulations using electronic synapses. The Hybrid processor offered by Cochlear assimilates and synthesizes external sounds and converts them into electrical and acoustics outputs for the patient’s ears.   The company develops the Cochlear Baha by taking into account people with high quantum of conductive hearing loss and one-sided deafness. Baha comprises of titanium hearing aids that are implanted surgically at the back of patientà ¢â‚¬â„¢s ears (Bloomberg.com. 2016). In terms of revenue generation, the company has displayed steady growth over the past four financial periods with reported revenues of A$ 752.72 million for 2012-13, A$ 804.94 million for 2013-14, A$ 925.63 million for 2014-15 (Markets.ft.com. 2016).The revenues for the period 2015-16 was to the tune of A$ 1.13 billion. The revenues generated in the current year displayed a increase of 22.14% over the past year, thereby highlighting efficient sales management and product pricing strategy. The forecasted revenues for the years 2017 and 2018 stands at 1.244 billion and 1.37 billion respectively at the average growth rate of 10.17%. Figure 1: Current and Prospective Revenues of Cochlear Limited The beta of a particular stock showcases the degree of volatility that the stock experiences as compared to prevalent market volatility. A beta that equals 1 displays same degree of risks as experienced by the market whereas a beta that is lower that 1 shows lesser degree of volatility and therefore is less susceptible to financial risks. On the other hand, a beta that is above 1 shows a high degree of volatility coupled with high prospects of returns. Figure 2: Stock price volatility between June 2016 and October 2016 Cochlear limited has a beta of 1.2, which specifies the fact that in case the financial markets raises by a margin of 100, the stocks of Cochlear will rise by 120. This also reiterates the fact that a fall in the market by margin of 100 will result in shares of Cochlear falling by 120 points. For investors that are seeking to earn high degree of returns, Cochlear presents prospective investments. Whereas in case of risk averse investors, including Cochlear in their investment portfolio may result in increasing the levels of portfolio risk The company has a market capitalization of A$ 7.234 billion as of October, 2016 with the total number of shares outstanding at 57.42 million. The company has an Altman Z Score of 2.989, thereby leading to an inference that the company is unlikely to be filing for bankruptcy in the near future based upon financial metrics. It is because an Altman score of 1.8 is considered the threshold below which the probability of filing for bankruptcy increases substantially. Whereas, on the other hand, a corporate entity with Z score of 3 or above has low or negligible probability of going bankrupt or filing for insolvency. Therefore, based on the parameters as regards to credit risks it can be construed that the company is likely to display satisfactory levels of solvency during the financial periods. Dividend yield is considered another parameter for taking investment decisions because of the fact that it displays whether the stocks of a particular company are overpriced or not. Hirshleifer, Hsu and Li (2013) mentions that stocks with high dividend yields are overpriced as compared to those having a low degree of dividend yields. Risk averse investors seek investments with low dividend yield thereby at a dividend yield of 1.8% it can be inferred that the stocks of Cochlear are underpriced. However, at dividend of A$ 1.2 for each outstanding share it can be displayed that for investors seeking returns from their investment in Cochlear, the company’s stocks are not an attractive proposition. The analysis upon the revenue generating capability of Cochlear Limited shows that at average revenue growth of over 10% the company has efficient operations and sales management. The genre of providing hearing aid solutions has lesser degree of competition for Cochlear globally. The Altman Z score of nearly 3 shows the fact that the company has virtually negligible risks of going bankrupt. Thereby, investors can be advised towards including shares of Cochlear onto their investment portfolio based upon their degree of solvency. Moreover, analysis of the stock’s beta, belonging to Cochlear, shows that the beta stands at 1.2 which therefore displays the fact that the company’s stocks are subjected to high degree of volatility. Based solely on the beta levels it can be construed that the stocks posses high degree of risks with probability of gaining high degree of returns. Overall, judging by the different sets of parameters it can be concluded that in case of investors seeking lesser degree of risks in their investments Cochlear can be construed as a attractive investment proposition. This is owing to high revenue growth, satisfactory levels of dividend yield and sustainable degree of returns despite a beta of above 1. Allen, E.J., Larson, C.R. and Sloan, R.G., 2013. Accrual reversals, earnings and stock returns.  Journal of Accounting and Economics,  56(1), pp.113-129. Bloomberg.com. (2016). COH:ASE Stock Quote - Cochlear Ltd. [online] Available at: https://www.bloomberg.com/quote/COH:AU [Accessed 31 Oct. 2016]. Cochlear.com. (2016). Cochlear Hearing Implants | Official Website | Cochlear International. [online] Available at: https://www.cochlear.com/wps/wcm/connect/intl/home [Accessed 31 Oct. 2016]. Fama, E.F. and French, K.R., 2012. Size, value, and momentum in international stock returns.  Journal of financial economics,  105(3), pp.457-472. Google.ca. (2016). Cochlear Limited: ASX:COH quotes & news – Google Finance. [online] Available at: https://www.google.ca/finance?cid=671051 [Accessed 31 Oct. 2016]. Hirshleifer, D., Hsu, P.H. and Li, D., 2013. Innovative efficiency and stock returns.  Journal of Financial Economics,  107(3), pp.632-654. Intelligent Investor. (2016). COH. [online] Available at: https://www.intelligentinvestor.com.au/company/Cochlear-Limited-COH-249441 [Accessed 31 Oct. 2016]. Markets.ft.com. (2016). Cochlear Ltd, COH:ASX summary - FT.com. [online] Available at: https://markets.ft.com/data/equities/tearsheet/summary?s=COH:ASX [Accessed 31 Oct. 2016]. Sorescu, A. and Sorescu, S.M., 2016. Customer Satisfaction and Long-Term Stock Returns.  Journal of Marketing,  80(5), pp.110-115. Getting academic assistance from

Six Principles by Morgenthau Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Six Principles by Morgenthau - Essay Example Morgenthau’s work â€Å"Principles of Political Realism: A Masculine Perspective?† gives six philosophic concepts of modern realism in the world, which include the importance of objectivity or rationality of decisions and interest defined in terms of power that brings rational order into politics, which is void of any emotions. The principles also describe power as an objective category that is universally legitimate, not without a fixed meaning assigned to it, and recognizes the tension that can be felt between the moral command and what may be required for a viable and triumphant political action. Morgenthau argues there are moral laws that preside over the world but being self-centred saves human beings from the excesses of morals and political idiocy. According to Tickner, the argument by Morgenthau is just a small argument of the description of international politics as it is based on assumption of the nature of human beings that are skewed towards a male point of view. Therefore as a feminist, Tickner argues that it is difficult to find a common and objective foundation for knowledge and that knowledge is only constructed socially. Consequently, the author castoffs the disagreement that supports self-sufficiency of the social sphere, arguing that personal is political. As a feminist reformulation of Morgenthau’s work, Tickner argues that there should be a dynamic objectivity that offers a more connected view of objectivity with less chance for domination and national interest is defined contextually and multi-dimensionally (Art and Jervis 22-34). Power that is in the world should not be fused with a meaning that is universally accepted and all political actions must bear moral significances. Tickner proposes that common moral elements inherent in the aspirations of human beings should be put into place in solving international conflicts and build an international community. Question Two Globalization has come with different impacts on developing nations due to the increased reliance on market driven economy currently present in the world coupled with renewed growth of private capital and other resources. The World Bank through its structural adjustment programs and other international organizations has also played role spreading globalization in developing countries. Globalization has come with it several opportunities to the developing countries as they are now able to access the markets in the developed nations plus the advantage of transfers in technology that is translated into improved productivity and living standards. However, globalization has also brought with it challenges like the increase in inequality amongst citizens in a nation, volatility in the financial markets and environmental concerns such as degradation and deterioration of the environment. Globalization may also not benefit developing countries as most of them are always removed from the process of globalizing their markets either through barriers such as trade barriers. In India, globalization has had the effect of intensifying interdependence and competition between it and other markets within the world. The increased trade in goods and services as well as services and the movement of capital can show the interdependence from one market to the other. The result of this is that domestic economic developments in the economy are not only determined by domestic policies and market conditions but also international policies. The effect of this is that most developing nations including India lose their domestic policy-making autonomy, as the policies they make must be in consonance with

Bullying Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 6

Bullying - Essay Example It is agreeable that bullying is practiced mainly in schools and over the internet and this form of harassment comes with adverse negative impact on the youths among other victims. However, the author has stated that the problem can be effectively controlled through several measures. Notably, this article is not only educational and exciting, but also comprehensive. For instance, it has discussed different forms of bullying, their causes and effects. Most of the articles addressing issues on bullying have always failed to discuss how bullying has affected students. The assertions in the article concerning bullying have also been comprehensively substantiated using clear examples. The claim that school bullying has led to enormous number of suicide incidences in United States has been substantiated by using the case of Phoebe Prince, who committed suicide as a result of school bullying. To validate the assumption that cyberbullying can lead to serious psychological and mental problems, the article has provided an example of the death of a thirteen-year-old Megan Meier that came because of a serious psychological problem. Moreover, the arguments involve more than one principle. The opinions in the article are convincing because they are explicit, logical and have been presented using a plain language. Reading through the article, there are no technical words that can cause problems to the readers. The use of technical words always affects the readability and understanding of the main ideas being presented. The clarity of the first paragraph clearly brings the message that the article is about bullying. Arguably, with the use of complex words, it would not be easy for the readers to understand the main arguments by going through the first paragraph. The article is explicit because the readers can easily recognize the

Discuss the impact of the fall of oil prices on GDP growth rate and Essay

Discuss the impact of the fall of oil prices on GDP growth rate and fiscal policy in Qatar - Essay Example However, the impact of the falling prices of oil on the GDP growth rate and fiscal policy of Qatar has been minimal due to the conservative budgeting system used in Qatar. Â  The price of oil is one of the critical influencers of the GDP growth rate and Fiscal policy of in many of the oil rich Middle Eastern countries. In Qatar, oil currently accounts for up to 70% of the government revenues. The fall in oil prices in late 2014 was the most significant in the last thirty years. Out of the last major drops in the last three decades, the fall in 1984 was the most similar to the one in 2014. Before the oil drop in 1980’s the 1970’s were coupled with major technological developments which shifted ever reliance on oil as a source of fuel. The drop in price was 61% within six months (Erbil, 2011, p. 12). According to many experts, a fall in oil drop prices is caused by change in demand and supply of the commodity, changes in OPEC objectives, geopolitical concerns in oil producing areas and appreciation in the US dollar. On the other hand, the growth of non oil sector was experienced by 6.3% and is expected to grow to about 7% this year (Berument, 2014, p. 149). The fall in prices has caused contractionary fiscal policy measures. Fiscal break even prices go to a maximum of $184 and a minimum of $50 (Lopez-Murphy & Villafuerte, 2010, p. 20). This pressure has made Qatar to make changes in its fiscal policy. In the last three decades oil prices have not remained constant but the drops in those years have not been as significant as the one in 2014. However there have been other five major drops since 1984 which led to a thirty per cent fall in oil prices. The fall in 2013 coincided with global economic recession, change in OPEC policy and an increase in oil supply. Major oil prices occurred between 1985 and 1986, 1990 and 2001, 1997 and

The Marketing Strategy Of Nokia Corporation Marketing Essay

The Marketing Strategy Of Nokia Corporation Marketing Essay Nokia Corporation applied the marketing strategy and helps the organization achieve the maximum profit potential. Marketing strategy is a process that company applies to focus its limited resources on the best opportunities to increase sales achieve the goals of the company and gain the competitive advantages in the markets. Marketing strategy is an important planning that involve the basic and long-term activities of company with the considered of the situation and challenge of company faced and therefore contribute to the companys goals. Actually marketing strategy is one of the functional strategies. The functional strategies are the decision rules or guidelines in each functional area of company. Functional areas that company may implement a functional strategy include research and development, finance, public relation, human resources and marketing departments. 4 Ps of Marketing Marketing is not only about delivered the product or service to the end user, should containing the benefits to the end user. Inside the marketing strategy of Nokia Corporation contain the marketing tool call Marketing Mix which introduced by Neil Borden in year 1953. Marketing Mix is one of the most fundamental theories in marketing area and is a combination of element of company in promoting companys product or brand to achieve marketing objectives and customer satisfaction. The element combination of marketing mix is product, price, place and promotion and was proposed by E. Jerome McCarthy in 1960. Product is the first element in the marketing mix and can consider as customer solution. Product should satisfy the customers need or wants, more advanced is the superiority of the product against the competitor and what advantages the company gain from it products. According to the marketing principle of Philip Kolter, the product should be in three components. The three components were core product, actual product and augmented product. Since the Nokia primary products are mobile telephones and portable IT devices. The core component is the end benefits of product for the buyer. The actual product is the characteristics of product such as quality level, features and branding. The augmented product is the support items of product like the after-sale service, warranty and delivery. On 11 February 2011, Nokias CEO Stephan Elop have announced a new strategic to alliance with Microsoft Corporation. This strategy purposed is to replace the mobile operating system Symbian and MeeGo with t he Microsofts Windows Phone operating system. The Windows Phone Lumia is the major shot of Nokia to winning back a market lost to Apple, Samsung and Google. Windows Phone Lumia had been announced by Nokia as the worlds most innovative smart phone. The features of Lumia are contain the Carl Zeiss lens that can capture blur-free video even in the non-ideal environment condition, the new technology PureMotion HD+ display make the Lumia is the worlds brightest, fastest, and most sensitive touchscreen and the wireless charging that enable customers charge up without plugging in. All of these features are for the purpose of customers convenient and satisfaction when using Nokias products. Nokia also provided after-sale service for customers. If customers facing some problem of products can contact nokia support through the phone or directly visit to the Nokia store and also can give some feedback through the social network such as Facebook and Twitter. Customers also can download games, t hemes, ringtones and wallpapers at Nokia Ovi store. For the products characteristics, Nokia Lumia have more beautiful color and people was said this is to against Nokia biggest competitor; Apple Computer. Inc. This is because Apple product, IPhone only had black and white color. Price Determination of the price of company product is important because this is related with profit of company. When company releases a new product, the price is estimate by the cost and products value and must be aware because it has a great impact to the demand and sales. The basic pricing strategies are market skimming pricing, market penetration pricing and neutral pricing. Market skimming pricing strategy is the process setting the highest price initially based on the product value to make highest profit. After the demand of first group customers is satisfied, company will lowers the price to attract another. The Neutral strategy is process set the price by the general market and competitors prices. The disadvantage is company cant maximize profit although this is the most safety way to compete with other company. Nokia had cut the price of Lumia 900 after Microsoft announced that Windows Phone 7 wont be upgradeable to the Windows Phone 8. Nokia cut almost price almost half is to att ract more demands to clear the store and to cut the cost. Penetration strategy is about the deepest price cuts to make sure company product always the lowest on the markets and mostly apply when new product are release. Price Nokia Lumia 920 in US is $100 less than Samsung Galaxy S3 and $200 less than Apples IPhone 5 and the ATT, second largest telecom operator in US also sell Lumia 920 in $99.99 is less $100 than other Windows Phone 8-HTC 8X. Promotion Promotion is about the delivery of information of product to the several parties through the method such as advertising, personal selling, public relations and sales promotion. Nokia has used its Connecting People since 1992 as an advertising slogan. This slogan meaning is Nokia mobile help people connect with each other wherever near and far in various geographical locations. Nokia also popped up their Lumia commercial on their YouTube Channel. Nokia had sold over 85 million devices and 4.5 million of those are Lumia in the Quarter 4 of 2012. This is because Nokia announce Lumia as a boost for Q4 sales to placing the product in front the media and public.

Clash of Classes and Cultures in Educating Rita Essay example -- Educa

Clash of Classes and Cultures in Educating Rita To What Extent Would You Agree That Educating Rita Depicts a Clash of Classes and Cultures? 'Educating Rita' is a play by Willy Russell, a dramatist recently turned novelist. 'Educating Rita' contains only two characters, a young woman called Rita and a middle-aged man called Frank, although this may sound boring these characters are so interesting that anymore characters would ruin the ambiance of the play. In the early part of the play Rita, a hairdresser from north-west England, has started an Open University course with Frank, a university lecturer in his early fifties, in order to change herself. Throughout the play Rita becomes more and more cultured giving up anything that gets in the way of her education or tries to stop her being the cultured individual she wants to be. Rita is a working class woman in her late twenties trying to find herself through a university education; Frank is a divorced university professor in his early fifties. Bored of teaching Frank drinks his life away and has taken on Rita as an Open University student to fund this habit. These two interesting characters from very different backgrounds are thrown together and the clashes of class and culture are depicted in a number of ways. Rita's language is very colloquial and this, at times, amuses Frank; for example, 'What in the name of God is being off one's cake.' Her language is both new and puzzling to Frank as he is used to hearing the generally proper English spoken by his university students. These phrases seem out of place when issued by Frank. 'One is obviously very off one's cake,' - 'you can't say that [Frank].' Frank's sesquipedalian language does not mix with Ri... ...etween two classes and cultures. In the earlier part of the play Rita feels surrounded by an alien environment, the university and its students, she is nervous and, as a result, comes across as very loquacious. She sees this in herself when she says, 'I talk too much' in act one scene one. However, towards the end of play her speeches are generally shorter. In this new environment Rita also feels isolated but gradually changes and feels as though she can interact with the 'real students'. When she finally does this in act two, scene two it may surprise the audience because in earlier scenes she describes them as 'real students' as though her life and their lives cannot mix. But, when she finally does speak to the student, the first line she tells us she said was, 'Excuse me but I couldn't help overhearin' the rubbish you were spoutin' about Lawrence.'

Eradication of poverty Essay

The International Day for the Eradication of Poverty is celebrated every year on October 17 throughout the world. It was officially recognised by the United Nations . It is to honour the victims of poverty, hunger, violence and fear. One of the main aims of the day is to make the voice of the poor heard and Raising awareness of the need to eradicate poverty. Poverty is the state of one who lacks a certain amount of material possessions or money. That is, they have little or no material means of surviving—little or no food, shelter, clothes, healthcare, education, and other physical means of living and improving one’s life Poverty reduction is a major goal and issue for many international organizations such as the United Nations and the World Bank. The World Bank estimated 1.29 billion people were living in absolute poverty in 2008. Of these, about 400 million people in absolute poverty lived in India and 173 million people in China. Poverty has been a serious problem over centuries. Every year, there are millions of people at the risk of hunger. we have to fight corruption. This is one of the great sources of poverty. A country with a lot of corruption will grow slower than others, and eventually, the economic activities will decline. The principal cause of why poverty exists is because of this simple fact. The Earth, on an environmental and economic standpoint, cannot satisfy every single human being’s wish, desire and demand when it comes to the consumption of goods and services because of scarce natural resources. This harsh reality will always be present within an economically driven society given the exploitation of natural resources and the constant pursuit of economic growth. the problem lies in the distribution of this consumption where extremely few people consume almost 70% to 80% of these resources while large numbers of people consume just under 20% of the same resources. poverty results in the lack of resources. poor students do not have the opportunity to study in good schools, get good coaching, study good books. poverty also leads to crime. when one is unable to earn money from fair mean, they turn to become thieves, robbers, pockpocketers, even terrorist.. poverty also leads to overpopulation which is itself one of the big challenges faced by us. people think that by having more children, they will have more earning hands. thus, leading to increased population of the country. to set all things in order, it is necessary to remove poverty.(ERADICATION OF POVERTY) In order to prevent poverty, the causes that create poverty itself have to be recognized and fixed. 1.overpopulation 2.distribution of resources 3.lack of education : 4.economic trends : rich becoming richer and poor becoming poorer.ment 5.corruption 6.unemployment However, the essence in the prevention of poverty lies in the fixing of causes and not in the fixing of factors that create poverty. Poverty cannot be removed overnight. it is a long job. it can be wiped step by step. Educational facilities should be provided to all the poor families so that their outlook/ way of seeing things is broadened. the exploitation of poor should be stopped. the programs/money issued by the government should be provided to the poor in full. Then and then only can poverty be removed.

Different aims in life Essay

Different people have different aims in life. Some focus on power, some on wealth, some want to become a rich successful businessman, some choose knowledge & education while some choose fame. Many scholars think for hours & hours that what their aim in life is terms of the best profession which suit their lifestyle. Across the wings of time few of them discovers their aim. But there are many others who are ambitious in their very childhood and find their professional goals. These people pick up their professional aim due to their interest gathered from books, passion, and parent’s/ teacher’s guidance and meeting such kind of people. I am one of those people. My aim in life is to become successful Mechanical Engineer. After my higher schooling I want to go to Mumbai or Delhi IIT (India Institute of Technology) to pursue my Engineering in the field of Mechanics. I want to serve this world with my talent because I believe that I have what it takes. My Father and Elder sister both are Engineers. My Father is an Electric Engineer and my sister is a Civil Engineer. They are my biggest source of inspiration. Being an Engineer is my personal choice. I believe that Engineering is a very noble profession that one can choose. I want to opt the field of Mechanical because I find it quite interesting than other fields. Becoming an Engineer is not compelled by my parents; I have chosen this field because this is what I want to be in my life. These days the salaries of Mechanical Engineers are quiet high and they acquire respectable positions no matter whether they are in India or any other part of the world. Aimless life is a sin these days. Aimless people are like tired travelers without any specific destination. Whatever they do in their life is by chance or circumstances or luck that comes their way. In many cases these people do not achieve anything big in life. They just survive because they have too and they are forced to. That is why I believe that each one of us should have definite a purpose in life. To achieve success determining your targets is the first step. They should identify their qualities, talents & ability to work hard. Those who fail are not actual failures because failure is a part of success but those who fail to decide their aim are real failures in life.

Confusing Passed with Past

Confusing Passed with Past Confusing Passed with Past Confusing Passed with Past By Maeve Maddox Reader Peggy Lanahan asks Is it correct to say, â€Å"how does the food always get passed the bib? or past the bib†? The frequent confusion between the words passed and past is understandable. They are pronounced alike and have similar meanings. Careful writers need to find some trick for remembering the difference. Both words derive from the same Latin noun: passus step, pace. From that noun came a Vulgar Latin verb passare to step or to walk. English took the word from Old French passer. The form passed is the past participle of the verb to pass. Pass can be used transitively: I passed the church on my way to the store. or intransitively: He passed through life without a care. Intransitive pass is also used as a euphemism for die, as in When did your father pass? The word past can be used as an adjective: Dont hold grudges for past offenses. as an adverb: I thought he would stop, but he just ran past. and as a preposition: How does the food always get past the bib? For more on Past vs Passed, read this post by Ali. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Misused Words category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:English Grammar 101: All You Need to Know40 Synonyms for â€Å"Lie†12 Misunderstood and Misquoted Shakespearean Expressions

Piaget Theories Essay

Piaget Theories Essay Free Online Research Papers People all over the world, through every generation, have watched in awe as infants that lack any real ability blossom into emotional, social, intelligent children. Many have wondered how it is that infants make this amazing transformation but few have moved past their wonder into a search for answers. Even fewer have found answers to these questions that are so profound that they have shaped how the world views childrens developmental processes. Jean Piaget is one of those few; he has shaped our understanding of the journey that children make. It is our desire to discover, explore, play with, and share Piagets theories in this essay. At the outset of researching Piaget, we hoped to gain knowledge of who he was as a person, but his work is so compelling that history remembers Jean Piagets work rather than Jean Piaget the man. The only item that we found regarding Piaget as a person was â€Å"The children favored being tested by Piaget in preference to anyone else, because he had an easy and informal manner, and really seemed interested in their responses. His behavior was a big change from the standard testing methods of that time, in which the answers were the only thing of importance. I believe that Piaget had strong inter-personal skills, as he was able to interact well with others and put them at ease.(www.users.muohio.edu) Without the benefit of obtaining personal knowledge regarding Piaget we will remand our information in this regard to historical fact. Piaget was born in 1896 in Neuchà ¢tel, Switzerland and in his childhood developed many scholarly interests including the study of mollusks, sea shells and animal life. Piaget pursued these interests in earnest, writing his first scientific paper at age 10 regarding his observations of an albino sparrow. Quite an impressive accomplishment! It was to be the first of hundreds of papers and over 60 books that Piaget would write on various fields of scientific study. These early interests in animal life proved to be a lifelong pursuit and led Piaget to obtain a degree in zoology from the University of Neuchà ¢tel in 1918 at the age of 22. Seeking to broaden his areas of study, Piaget moved to Zà ¼rich and under the tutelage of Carl Jung, explored the field of psychology. Having developed an interest in this field, Piaget once again moved; this time to Paris to study at the Sorbonne with Alfred Binet. It is all well and good to know the history of Piagets life but up to this point in his history there was nothing that would tie him to the study of children. Finally, we arrive at our destination, the question of why Piaget studied children. He found his impetus in work that he did evaluating the results of childrens intelligent tests and he was intrigued to find that children consistently failed at certain questions at certain ages. And that was that, he was hooked and shifted towards studying children in an effort to find the origins of knowledge, otherwise known as epistemology. People choose careers of interest everyday and in most cases; it is of little consequence to the world as a whole when they do so. Piagets career choice in contrast, was to have deep and lasting effects on what we know about how children learn. Through many years of observation and interaction with children Piaget formed theories that based childrens cognition on their interaction with the world at large. To us, this means play; because that is the main way in which children interact with the world. To say that Piagets major contribution to the world of child development is that they play would be an oversimplification and would do him a disservice so we will elaborate. According to the website Open Learn (http://openlearn.open.ac.uk) Piaget played a central role in the development of the view that play may be of crucial importance in childrens cognitive development. Piagets theories about learning emphasized the need for children to explore and experiment for themselves. For Piaget, play was a means by which children could develop and refine concepts before they had the ability to think in the abstract. Play was something that older children who have developed abstract thinking no longer needed. This gives us an overview of part of Piagets theory but we must explore the stages set forth in the theory to obtain a better understanding. Piaget observed various stages within a childs journey towards higher levels of cognition as follows: Sensorimotor Stage (0-2 years): Child is purely a physical being and has no ability to understand or reason. All reactions that the child has are reflexive, meaning that there is no thought to them. Physical actions that occur naturally during this time expand the range of responses of the child through assimilation. Assimilation is a term that describes taking external stimulus and internalizing it and simplifying it to fit categories already developed in the childs head rather than creating new categories as necessary. During the latter part of the sensorimotor stage the child has learned that people and objects continue to exist outside of their line of sight, a concept called object permanence. This is demonstrated in the good old game of peek a boo. Children act surprised when a person disappears behind their hands and laugh when they reappear. Even as adults we would be quite entertained or frightened if we truly believed that a person had actually disappeared! As the book Theo ries of Childhood states â€Å"This is the first burst of the joy of learning† (pg. 65). As you can see, this explains the necessity of play as a tool of learning in the sensorimotor stage when children are purely physical beings and have no concept of anything abstract. Physical stimulation is the most valid form for children under two years of age to learn. Therefore, without play a child would not learn much in the first two years of life and their progression into other stages of cognitive development would be adversely affected. Preoperational Stage (2-7): The preoperational stage is so named because one of the major functions that a child is lacking it the ability to mentally â€Å"apply the operation of identity† (Martin Fabes 2009) which is to ascertain that a shape can be reversed back into its original shape. Through symbolic representation, children begin to be able to mentally assign representations to objects and people. Although the child can represent things mentally, they have yet to obtain the ability to form abstract thoughts. Children in this stage are egocentric and cant understand the world as others might see it. To prove egocentrism, Piaget developed a test in which children sat in a chair and looked at three mountains of progressively increasing heights with a stuffed animal sitting in a chair directly across from them. The child was then asked to view the mountains from the stuffed animals vantage point and to state which view the stuffed animal saw. The child would most often res pond that the view that the stuffed animal saw was that of their (the childs) original vantage point. Another key point in development comes when childrens understanding begins to expand through accommodation. Accommodation occurs when new information is taken in and existing ideas or categories are changed, accommodated, to fit that information. In previous stages of development children do not change their ideas to fit external information; they assimilate the information to meet preexisting categories. Concrete Operational Stage (7-11): Piaget theorized that in this stage children begin to use logic and reasoning. Abstract reasoning becomes possible which allows children to problem solve using an ever growing set of symbols. Children gain the ability to form concepts of their own accord and to accept concepts that demonstrate logic and reasoning. The ability to perform conservation tasks is formed. One of the methods that Piaget used to prove conservationism was to set out two rows of the same type of coins for children to explore. The rows of coins contained the same number of coins but one row was spaced differently, creating the illusion that it contained more coins. A child that has not reached the concrete operational stage when asked which row had more coins would respond that the row with the greater spacing has more coins. When a child reaches the concrete operational stage and understands conservationism would respond that both row had an equal number of coins. This type o f experiment aids in development by taking an abstract idea and making it real to the child. We propose that this would aid in bridging the gap from abstract theory by introducing symbolic play. Those coins act as symbols that a child can learn to understand which would eventually lead to children using symbols in their own mind to bring to life abstract ideas. Formal Operational Stage (12+): In this stage of cognition children come very close to the reasoning and logical abilities of an adult. Children do not require concrete symbols to form reasoning and instead use a process of deductive thinking, in which they use logic to deduce outcomes. Children are now able to think hypothetically and abstractly. In addition children can now think in terms of future developments, including their own future life possibilities. The information listed above is a broad overview of Piagets theories and explores some of the key elements and events of cognition in childhood. Piaget spent a good portion of his life dedicated to this study and made many more discoveries than we are able to mention here. One additional piece of information that should be considered in regard to the stages of cognition is that A chief tenet of Piagets theory is that these stages do not vary in order, cannot be skipped, and should not be rushed. (www.nndb.com). what a wonderful way to state that a child should progress in their own time without undue pressure to perform. Now that we have introduced Piagets theories of cognition we are free to explore how they interface with play and social and emotional development. To begin with we should note that â€Å"Play is NOT the same as learning; cognitive development requires both assimilation and adaptation, while play is assimilation without accommodation.† (www.uwgb.edu). While we agree that play is not learning, we would like to propose that it facilitates learning by guiding children through real life experiences which they can begin to use as symbolic representations of different scenarios. This is evidenced in the following quotes from Piaget regarding play: â€Å"It is primarily affective conflicts that appear in symbolic play. If there is a scene at lunch, for example, one can be sure that an hour or two afterward it will be recreated with dolls and will be brought to a happier solution. If the child has been frightened by a dog, in a symbolic game things will be arranged so that dogs will no longer be mean or children will become brave† (www.uwbg.edu) â€Å"Initially imbued with play symbolism but tend later to constitute genuine adaptations or solutions to problems and intelligent creations† ( www.uwbg.edu) In a module regarding Piaget, Weber State University (WSU) (www.weber.edu) sets forth some compelling demonstrations that endorse Piagets belief in play. Included in those demonstrations are that children use play to overcome egocentrism through repeated social interactions which allow the child to become conscious of others needs, interests and goals. In addition â€Å"assimilation and accommodation are both included in the interaction which unites the individual child to the environment and the childs reality. The give and take in play and imitation is one way that the child learns about the childs world.† Children can use play to understand symbols, a good example of this is dress up, when children play dress up they are using physical symbols to play out their inner world. In our view, one of the most important things that WSU sets forth is that play gives children first hand experiences and we believe that experience creates understanding beyond what can be spoken. The senses are attached to memory; touch, taste and smell in particular create lasting impressions and concrete memories for children, which they can use in the journey towards assimilation and accommodation. Anyone that has ever spent any length of time with a child knows that you can talk to them until you are blue in the face without transferring understanding; but show a child something and they will grab that new knowledge and run with it and build on it. The last subject that we have to explore is how Piagets theories addressed social and emotional development. We must remember Piagets background at this time and understand that cognition, particularly the origin of knowledge, was Piagets attraction to studying children. In this being Piagets focus, we find that he did not place any great emphasis on the topics of social and emotional development. There is some evidence that Piaget believed that social development was gained through the stages that he theorized. For example, the website Education.com states â€Å"Although Piaget (1962) felt that play has a primary role in the child’s development, he placed little emphasis on play as a factor in the child’s responses to the social environment. Nevertheless, he saw a role for peer interactions within play for social-cognitive development. More specifically, play interactions helped children understand that other players have perspectives different than their own. Play, f or Piaget, provides children with opportunities to develop social competence through ongoing interactions. (www.education.com) The absence of emphasis on social and emotional development has been cause for some to be critical of Piagets work. We must agree that to discount the emotional and social development of a child is to have only part of the story. We believe that analyzing children as whole beings would be greatly advantageous and may have enhanced Piagets theories. That being said, we recognize and respect that Piagets passion was the origin of knowledge, not of emotion or social relations and we are grateful that this passion compelled him to make advances in the field of child development that had not been explored previously. The lack of depth in these areas has given rise to some criticism of Piagets work. Indeed, there are several areas that modern research has found that Piaget may have improved upon, such as better distinguishing competence versus performance and further exploring the stages of development in relation to necessary milestones for development. In closing, we find that Piaget was a pioneer in child development studies and that his research has had profound and lasting effects on our understanding of children and on our interactions with them. Indeed, this is strongly stated in a quote from an anonymous scholar that stated â€Å"assessing the impact of Piaget on developmental psychology is like assessing the impact of Shakespeare on English literature or Aristotle on philosophy – impossible.† We have found that this sentiment is widely felt and we too, employ this as our view. Sources: users.muohio.edu/shermalw/honors_2001_fall/honors_papers_2000/duffey.html http://openlearn.open.ac.uk/mod/oucontent/view.php?id=397481section=1.2.3 Discovering Child Development; 2009, Carol Lynn Martin Richard Fabes nndb.com/people/359/000094077/ uwgb.edu/hughesf/Theories%20of%20Play.htm http://departments.weber.edu/chfam/4990a/Theoryplay.html education.com/reference/article/play-social-emotional-development/ Research Papers on Piaget Theories EssayEffects of Television Violence on ChildrenStandardized TestingInfluences of Socio-Economic Status of Married MalesBook Review on The Autobiography of Malcolm XPersonal Experience with Teen PregnancyThe Relationship Between Delinquency and Drug UseResearch Process Part OneThree Concepts of PsychodynamicGenetic EngineeringRelationship between Media Coverage and Social and